Probiotics on Gastrointestinal Tract
Keywords:
Probiotics, Lactobacillus spp., Bifidobacterium spp., Gastrointestinal diseasesAbstract
Probiotics are living non-pathogenic organisms. They play an important role in human health, particularly intestinal physiology. Lactobacillus spp. and Bifidobacterium spp. are two species recognized as probiotic microorganisms that have health benefits. Probiotics are commonly found in functional foods such as yogurt and beverages. It has been reported that maternal microbiota was passed on to infants during vaginal delivery and that the number of probiotics was maintained throughout life by other factors. Adequate microbiota colonization in the intestine environment confers disease prevention and treatment effects, as well as promotes immune system activity. Gut microbiota exhibits a mucosal barrier effect, resulting in intestinal balance and reduced inflammation. The mucosal barrier function is reported to be the direct mechanism of the pathogen defense system. To date, many studies have reported the safety and efficacy of using various strains of probiotics for medical purposes. However, supporting evidence regarding the benefits of gut microbiota for gastrointestinal diseases was stronger than that regarding non-gastrointestinal diseases. We hereby discuss the relationship between human’s health and probiotics as a host-probiotic axis in the prevention and treatment of gastrointestinal infections such as gastroenteritis.
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