Development of Environmentally Sustainable Housing Estate Projects in Bangkok and Its Vicinity in Accordance With The Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs) and Environmental, Social and Governance (ESG) Principles

Abstract

This research article aims to: 1) Examine the current conditions and challenges in developing environmentally friendly housing estate projects in Bangkok and its metropolitan areas, 2) Analyze the external environment influencing these projects, and 3) Propose guidelines for environmentally friendly housing estate development. The study employs qualitative and document-based research methodologies, using frameworks on real estate project development processes, sustainable development (SDGs), sustainable business practices (ESG), and external environmental analysis (PESTEL). Data collection tools include semi-structured interviews, guiding questions, and focus group discussion notes, involving 26 key informants from residential real estate organizations, experts, academics, and government officials, as well as 18 stakeholders across seven value chain groups, including investors, executives, customers, communities, partners, government agencies, and academics The findings highlight: 1) The relationship between housing project development and SDGs: SDG 11 (designing accessible, safe, durable, and sustainable housing), SDG 12 (efficient resource use), and SDG 13 (reducing greenhouse gas emissions); 2) Alignment with ESG concepts: reducing environmental impacts, fostering community well-being, addressing vulnerable groups' needs, and ensuring transparency and community participation in governance; 3) Key external factors such as environmental policies, consumer purchasing power, demand trends, technology applications, site suitability, and legal requirements; and 4) The study proposes actionable guidelines for developing environmentally friendly housing estate projects, emphasizing stakeholder engagement across the business value chain.