Evaluation of in vitro antimalarial activity of Sida acuta Burm.f. crude extract
Keywords:
Sida acuta, antimalarial property, Plasmodium falciparum, medicinal plantAbstract
Development of resistant strains malaria parasite to many existing drugs are major concern globally. Plant derived anti-malarials remains a source of bioactive compound in this regard. The crude methanolic extracts of Sida acuta Burm.f. was tested in vitro for their antimalarial activity against Plasmodium faciparum both chloroquine sensitive and resistant strains using SYBR Green I assay. Chemical fingerprints were analyzed by thin layer chromatography (TLC) and high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC). The methanolic extract of S. acuta Burm.f. showed good antiplasmodial activity against both chloroquine resistant (K1) (IC50 25.43 – 35.69 µg mL–1) and chloroquine sensitive (3D7) (IC50 24.83 – 27.37 µg mL–1). According to the result, the crude methanolic extracts of S. acuta Burm.f. branch exhibited the lowest IC50 against P. falciparum K1 (chloroquine resistance clone)
25.43 ± 4.19 µg mL–1 and crude methanolic extracts of S. acuta Burm.f. leaves exhibited the lowest IC50 against P. falciparum 3D7 (chloroquine sensitive clone) 24.83 ± 4.81 µg mL–1. The chemical fingerprint of crude methanolic extracts of S. acuta Burm.f. using TLC fingerprint exhibited the present of alkaloid when sprayed with dragendorff’s reagent and HPLC fingerprint showed the present of quinine. In conclusion, the methanolic extract of Sida. acuta Burm.f. exhibited a good in vitro antimalarial activity against P. falciparum (IC50 < 50 µg mL–1) and can be developed as a potential antimalarial agents.
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