ผลของการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิในรอบวันต่อการเจริญเติบโตและการผลิตทอกซิน Pir ของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio parahaemolyticus สายพันธุ์ ก่อโรค Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)
Article Sidebar
เผยแพร่แล้ว:
ธ.ค. 28, 2018
คำสำคัญ:
โรค Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND); แบคทีเรีย Vibrio parahaemolyticus; การเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิในรอบวัน; ทอกซิน Photorhabdus insect-related (Pir); อัตราการเจริญจำเพาะ
Main Article Content
บทคัดย่อ
การเพาะเลี้ยงกุ้งขาวของประเทศไทยประสบกับปัญหาโรคระบาด Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) ตั้งแต่ปี พ.ศ. 2556 เป็นต้นมาทำให้ผลผลิตกุ้งขาวลดลงเป็นจำนวนมาก โดยสาเหตุของโรค AHPND คือ การติดเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio parahaemolyticus สายพันธุ์ที่มีพลาสมิดและยีนผลิตทอกซิน Photorhabdus Insect-related (Pir) A และ Pir B ซึ่งมีรายงานวิจัยที่แสดงถึงอิทธิพลของสภาวะแวดล้อมในการเลี้ยงต่อการแพร่ระบาดของโรค การวิจัยนี้มุ่งเน้นศึกษารูปแบบการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิของนํ้าในบ่อเลี้ยงกุ้งขาวในรอบวัน รวมถึงผลกระทบของการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิในรอบวันต่อการเจริญเติบโตของเชื้อ V. parahaemolyticus สายพันธุ์ก่อโรค AHPND จากผลการสำรวจอุณหภูมิน้ำในรอบวันในบ่อเลี้ยงกุ้งขาวจังหวัดนครศรีธรรมราช ในปี พ.ศ. 2560 สามารถแบ่งการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิในรอบวันเป็น 3 รูปแบบ ได้แก่ (1) การเปลี่ยนแปลงในช่วงอุณหภูมิปกติ (24 - 30 oC) (2) การเปลี่ยนแปลงในช่วงอุณหภูมิตํ่า (22 - 27 oC) และ (3) การเปลี่ยนแปลงในช่วงอุณหภูมิผันแปร (22 - 30 oC) และเมื่อเลี้ยงเชื้อ V. parahaemolyticus ภายใต้อุณหภูมิต่าง ๆ ทั้ง 3 รูปแบบต่อเนื่องเป็นเวลา 24 ชั่วโมง เพื่อเปรียบเทียบการเจริญเติบโตและอัตราการเจริญจำเพาะพบว่า การเจริญเติบโตของแบคทีเรียไม่มีความแตกต่าง ในขณะที่อัตราการเจริญจำเพาะมีความแตกต่างกัน และช่วงอุณหภูมิผันแปรโดยเฉพาะช่วงที่มีอุณหภูมิแตกต่างกัน 3 oC ส่งผลให้แบคทีเรียมีอัตราการเจริญจำเพาะสูงสุด นอกจากนี้ผลการศึกษาโปรตีน รวมถึงทอกซิน Pir A และ Pir B ในน้ำเลี้ยงเชื้อ V. parahaemolyticus ที่เลี้ยงภายใต้อุณหภูมิต่าง ๆ ด้วยวิธี SDS-PAGE พบว่าการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิส่งผลต่อการเจริญเติบโต การสร้างสารพิษ และอาจรวมถึงความสามารถในการก่อโรคของเชื้อ V. parahaemolyticus สายพันธุ์ก่อโรค AHPND ผลที่ได้ถือเป็นองค์ความรู้สำคัญสำหรับการจัดการระบบการเลี้ยงหรือการจัดการฟาร์มกุ้งเพื่อลดความสูญเสียจากโรค AHPND
Article Details
รูปแบบการอ้างอิง
[1]
จิรพงศธรกุล น., รัตนาภรณ์ อ., แพรกทอง พ., และ อุเทนะพันธุ์ ก., “ผลของการเปลี่ยนแปลงอุณหภูมิในรอบวันต่อการเจริญเติบโตและการผลิตทอกซิน Pir ของเชื้อแบคทีเรีย Vibrio parahaemolyticus สายพันธุ์ ก่อโรค Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND)”, RMUTI Journal, ปี 11, ฉบับที่ 3, น. 70–88, ธ.ค. 2018.
ประเภทบทความ
บทความวิจัย
เอกสารอ้างอิง
[1] Karvonen, A., Rintamäki, P., Jokela, J., and Valtonen, E. T. (2010). Increasing Water Temperature and Disease Risks in Aquatic Systems, Climate Change Increases the Risk of Some, but Not All, Diseases. International Journal for Parasitology. Vol. 40, Issue 13, pp. 1483-1488. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijpara.2010.04.015
[2] Fisheries Statistics Analysis and Research Group, Fisheries Development Policy and Strategy Division. (2017). Statistics of Marine Shrimp Culture 2015. Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. No. 2, pp. 1-46 (in Thai)
[3] Tran, L., Nunan, L., Redman, R. M., Mohney, L. L., Pantoja, C. R., Fitzsimmons, K., and Lightner, D. V. (2013). Determination of the Infectious Nature of the Agent of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome Affecting Penaeid Shrimp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. Vol. 105, Issue 1, pp. 45-55
[4] Joshi, J., Srisala, J., Truong, V. H., Chen, I. T., Nuangsaeng, B., Suthienkul, O., Lo, C. F., Flegel, T. W., Sritunyalucksana, K., and Thitamadee, S. (2014). Variation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from a Single Thai Shrimp Farm Experiencing an Outbreak of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND). Aquaculture. Vol. 428-429, pp. 297-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.030
[5] Dangtip, S., Sirikharin, R., Sanguanrut, P., Thitamadee, S., Sritunyalucksana, K., Taengchaiyaphum, S., Mavichak, R., Proespraiwong, P., and Flegel, T. W. (2015). AP4 Method for Two-Tube Nested PCR Detection of AHPND Isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture Reports. Vol. 2, pp. 158-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2015.10.002
[6] Sirikharin, R., Taengchaiyaphum, S., Sanguanrut, P., Chi, T. D., Mavichak, R., Proespraiwong, P., Nuangsaeng, B., Thitamadee, S., Flegel, T. W., and Sritunyalucksana, K. (2015). Characterization and PCR Detection of Binary, Pir-Like Toxins from Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates That Cause Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in Shrimp. PLOS ONE. Vol. 10(5). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0126987
[7] Xiao, J., Liu, L., Ke, Y., Li, X., Liu, Y., Pan, Y., Yan, S., and Wang, Y. (2017). Shrimp AHPND-Causing Plasmids Encoding the PirAB Toxins as Mediated by PirAB-Tn903 are Prevalent in Various Vibrio species. Scientific Reports. Vol. 7, Article number: 42177. DOI: 10.1038/srep42177
[8] Boonyawiwat, V., Patanasatienkul, T., Kasornchandra, J., Poolkhet, C., Yaemkasem, S., Hammell, L., and Davidson, J. (2017). Impact of Farm Management on Expression of Early Mortality Syndrome/Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (EMS/AHPND) on Penaeid Shrimp Farms in Thailand. Journal of Fish Diseases. Vol. 40, Issue 5, pp. 649-659. DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12545
[9] Chumpol, S., Kantachote, D., Nitoda, T. and Kanzaki, H. (2017). The Roles of Probiotic Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria to Control Water Quality and Prevent Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) for Enhancement Growth with Higher Survival in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Cultivation. Aquaculture. Vol. 473, pp. 327-336. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.02.033
[10] Chen, W. -Y., Ng, T. H., Wu, J. -H., Chen, J. -W., and Wang, H. -C. (2017). Microbiome Dynamics in a Shrimp Grow-Out Pond with Possible Outbreak of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease. Scientific Reports. Vol. 7, No. 1, Article number: 9395. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09923-6
[11] Tinwongger, S., Proespraiwong, P., Thawonsuwan, J., Sriwanayos, P., Kongkumnerd, J., Chaweepack, T., Mavichak, R., Unajak, S., Nozaki, R., Kondo, H., and Hirono, I. (2014). Development of PCR Diagnosis for Shrimp Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) Strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Fish Pathology. Vol. 49, Issue 4, pp. 159-164. DOI: 10.3147/jsfp.49.159
[12] Thakur, D. P. and Lin, C. K. (2003). Water Quality and Nutrient Budget in Close Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Culture Systems. Aquaculture Research. Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 159-176
[13] Akazawa, N. and Eguchi, M. (2017). Pond Sludge and Increased pH Cause Early Mortality Syndrome/Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (EMS/AHPND) in Cultured White Shrimp. Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture. Vol. 1, pp. 92-96
[14] Lafferty, K. D. (2009). The Ecology of Climate Change and Infectious Diseases. Ecology. Vol. 90, Issue 4, pp. 888-900. DOI: 10.1890/08-0079.1
[15] Guerreiro, I., Pérez-Jiménez, A., Costas, B., and Oliva-Teles, A. (2014). Effect of Temperature and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides Supplementation on the Hepatic Oxidative Status and Immune Response of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 40, Issue 2, pp. 570-576. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.017
[16] Yu, H. B., Kaur, R., Lim, S. M., Wang, X. H., and Leung, K. Y. (2007). Characterization of Extracellular Proteins Produced by Aeromonas hydrophila AH-1. Proteomics. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 436-449. DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600396
[17] Yoon, K. S., Min, K. J., Jung, Y. J., Kwon, K. Y., Lee, J. K., and Oh, S. W. (2008). A Model of the Effect of Temperature on the Growth of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Oysters in Korea. Food Microbiology. Vol. 25, Issue 5, pp. 635-641. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.04.007
[18] Chase, E. and Harwood, V. J. (2011). Comparison of the Effects of Environmental Parameters on Growth Rates of Vibrio vulnificus Biotypes I, II, and III by Culture and Quantitative PCR Analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 77, No. 12, pp. 4200-4207. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00135-11
[19] Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Hwang, I. G., and Yoon, K. S. (2012). Effect of Temperature on Growth of Vibrio paraphemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in Flounder, Salmon Sashimi and Oyster Meat. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 9, No. 12, pp. 4662-4675. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9124662
[20] Mudoh, M. F., Parveen, S., Schwarz, J., Rippen, T., and Chaudhuri, A. (2014). The Effects of Storage Temperature on the Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Organoleptic Properties in Oysters. Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 2, DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00045
[21] Tarr, C. L., Patel, J. S., Puhr, N. D., Sowers, E. G., Bopp, C. A., and Strockbine, N. A. (2007). Identifi cation of Vibrio Isolates by a Multiplex PCR Assay and rpoB Sequence Determination. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 134-140. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01544-06
[22] Bradford, M. M. (1979). A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Proteins Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding. Analytical Biochemistry. Vol. 72, Issue 1-2, pp. 248-254
[23] Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of Structural Proteins during Assembly of Head of Bacteriophage T4. Nature. Vol. 227, pp. 680-685
[24] Lee, C. -T., Chen, I. -T., Yang, Y. -T., Ko, T. -P., Huang, Y. -T., Huang, J. -Y., Huang, M. -F., Lin, S. -J., Chen, C. -Y., Lin, S. -S., Lightner, D. V., Wang, H. -C., Wang, A. H., Wang, H. -C., Hor, L. -I., and Lo, C. -F. (2015). The Opportunistic Marine Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus Becomes Virulent by Acquiring a Plasmid that Expresses a Deadly Toxin. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol. 112, No. 34, pp. 10798-10803. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503129112
[25] Maier, R. M. (2000). Bacterial Growth. In Environmental Microbiology. Maier, R.M., Pepper, I.L. and Gebra C.P., eds. pp. 43-59. Academic Press
[26] Zwietering, I., De Wit, J. C., Cuppers, H. G. A. M., and Van ‘T Riet, K. (1994). Modeling of Bacterial Growth with Shifts in Temperature. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 204-213
[27] Van Derlinden, E., Bernaerts, K, and Van Impe, J. F. (2008). Dynamics of Escherichia coli at Elevated Temperatures: Effect of Temperature History and Medium. Journal of Applied Microbiology. Vol. 104, No. 2, pp. 438-453. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03592.x
[28] Zotta, T., Guidone, A., Ianniello, R. G., Parente, E., and Ricciardi, A. (2013). Temperature and Respiration Affect the Growth and Stress Resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum C17. Journal of Applied Microbiology. Vol. 115, No. 3, pp. 848-858. DOI: 10.1111/jam.12285
[29] Soberón, M., Pardo, L., Muñóz-Garay, C., Sánchez, J., Gómez, I., Porta, H., and Bravo, A. (2010). Pore Formation by Cry Toxins. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 677, pp. 127-142
[2] Fisheries Statistics Analysis and Research Group, Fisheries Development Policy and Strategy Division. (2017). Statistics of Marine Shrimp Culture 2015. Department of Fisheries Ministry of Agriculture and Cooperatives. No. 2, pp. 1-46 (in Thai)
[3] Tran, L., Nunan, L., Redman, R. M., Mohney, L. L., Pantoja, C. R., Fitzsimmons, K., and Lightner, D. V. (2013). Determination of the Infectious Nature of the Agent of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Syndrome Affecting Penaeid Shrimp. Diseases of Aquatic Organisms. Vol. 105, Issue 1, pp. 45-55
[4] Joshi, J., Srisala, J., Truong, V. H., Chen, I. T., Nuangsaeng, B., Suthienkul, O., Lo, C. F., Flegel, T. W., Sritunyalucksana, K., and Thitamadee, S. (2014). Variation in Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates from a Single Thai Shrimp Farm Experiencing an Outbreak of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND). Aquaculture. Vol. 428-429, pp. 297-302. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2014.03.030
[5] Dangtip, S., Sirikharin, R., Sanguanrut, P., Thitamadee, S., Sritunyalucksana, K., Taengchaiyaphum, S., Mavichak, R., Proespraiwong, P., and Flegel, T. W. (2015). AP4 Method for Two-Tube Nested PCR Detection of AHPND Isolates of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Aquaculture Reports. Vol. 2, pp. 158-162. DOI: 10.1016/j.aqrep.2015.10.002
[6] Sirikharin, R., Taengchaiyaphum, S., Sanguanrut, P., Chi, T. D., Mavichak, R., Proespraiwong, P., Nuangsaeng, B., Thitamadee, S., Flegel, T. W., and Sritunyalucksana, K. (2015). Characterization and PCR Detection of Binary, Pir-Like Toxins from Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolates That Cause Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) in Shrimp. PLOS ONE. Vol. 10(5). DOI:10.1371/journal.pone. 0126987
[7] Xiao, J., Liu, L., Ke, Y., Li, X., Liu, Y., Pan, Y., Yan, S., and Wang, Y. (2017). Shrimp AHPND-Causing Plasmids Encoding the PirAB Toxins as Mediated by PirAB-Tn903 are Prevalent in Various Vibrio species. Scientific Reports. Vol. 7, Article number: 42177. DOI: 10.1038/srep42177
[8] Boonyawiwat, V., Patanasatienkul, T., Kasornchandra, J., Poolkhet, C., Yaemkasem, S., Hammell, L., and Davidson, J. (2017). Impact of Farm Management on Expression of Early Mortality Syndrome/Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (EMS/AHPND) on Penaeid Shrimp Farms in Thailand. Journal of Fish Diseases. Vol. 40, Issue 5, pp. 649-659. DOI: 10.1111/jfd.12545
[9] Chumpol, S., Kantachote, D., Nitoda, T. and Kanzaki, H. (2017). The Roles of Probiotic Purple Nonsulfur Bacteria to Control Water Quality and Prevent Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) for Enhancement Growth with Higher Survival in White Shrimp (Litopenaeus vannamei) during Cultivation. Aquaculture. Vol. 473, pp. 327-336. DOI: 10.1016/j.aquaculture.2017.02.033
[10] Chen, W. -Y., Ng, T. H., Wu, J. -H., Chen, J. -W., and Wang, H. -C. (2017). Microbiome Dynamics in a Shrimp Grow-Out Pond with Possible Outbreak of Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease. Scientific Reports. Vol. 7, No. 1, Article number: 9395. DOI: 10.1038/s41598-017-09923-6
[11] Tinwongger, S., Proespraiwong, P., Thawonsuwan, J., Sriwanayos, P., Kongkumnerd, J., Chaweepack, T., Mavichak, R., Unajak, S., Nozaki, R., Kondo, H., and Hirono, I. (2014). Development of PCR Diagnosis for Shrimp Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (AHPND) Strain of Vibrio parahaemolyticus. Fish Pathology. Vol. 49, Issue 4, pp. 159-164. DOI: 10.3147/jsfp.49.159
[12] Thakur, D. P. and Lin, C. K. (2003). Water Quality and Nutrient Budget in Close Shrimp (Penaeus monodon) Culture Systems. Aquaculture Research. Vol. 27, No. 3, pp. 159-176
[13] Akazawa, N. and Eguchi, M. (2017). Pond Sludge and Increased pH Cause Early Mortality Syndrome/Acute Hepatopancreatic Necrosis Disease (EMS/AHPND) in Cultured White Shrimp. Borneo Journal of Marine Science and Aquaculture. Vol. 1, pp. 92-96
[14] Lafferty, K. D. (2009). The Ecology of Climate Change and Infectious Diseases. Ecology. Vol. 90, Issue 4, pp. 888-900. DOI: 10.1890/08-0079.1
[15] Guerreiro, I., Pérez-Jiménez, A., Costas, B., and Oliva-Teles, A. (2014). Effect of Temperature and Short Chain Fructooligosaccharides Supplementation on the Hepatic Oxidative Status and Immune Response of Turbot (Scophthalmus maximus). Fish & Shellfish Immunology. Vol. 40, Issue 2, pp. 570-576. DOI: 10.1016/j.fsi.2014.08.017
[16] Yu, H. B., Kaur, R., Lim, S. M., Wang, X. H., and Leung, K. Y. (2007). Characterization of Extracellular Proteins Produced by Aeromonas hydrophila AH-1. Proteomics. Vol. 7, No. 3, pp. 436-449. DOI: 10.1002/pmic.200600396
[17] Yoon, K. S., Min, K. J., Jung, Y. J., Kwon, K. Y., Lee, J. K., and Oh, S. W. (2008). A Model of the Effect of Temperature on the Growth of Pathogenic and Nonpathogenic Vibrio parahaemolyticus Isolated from Oysters in Korea. Food Microbiology. Vol. 25, Issue 5, pp. 635-641. DOI: 10.1016/j.fm.2008.04.007
[18] Chase, E. and Harwood, V. J. (2011). Comparison of the Effects of Environmental Parameters on Growth Rates of Vibrio vulnificus Biotypes I, II, and III by Culture and Quantitative PCR Analysis. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 77, No. 12, pp. 4200-4207. DOI: 10.1128/AEM.00135-11
[19] Kim, Y. W., Lee, S. H., Hwang, I. G., and Yoon, K. S. (2012). Effect of Temperature on Growth of Vibrio paraphemolyticus and Vibrio vulnificus in Flounder, Salmon Sashimi and Oyster Meat. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health. Vol. 9, No. 12, pp. 4662-4675. DOI: 10.3390/ijerph9124662
[20] Mudoh, M. F., Parveen, S., Schwarz, J., Rippen, T., and Chaudhuri, A. (2014). The Effects of Storage Temperature on the Growth of Vibrio parahaemolyticus and Organoleptic Properties in Oysters. Frontiers in Public Health. Vol. 2, DOI: 10.3389/fpubh.2014.00045
[21] Tarr, C. L., Patel, J. S., Puhr, N. D., Sowers, E. G., Bopp, C. A., and Strockbine, N. A. (2007). Identifi cation of Vibrio Isolates by a Multiplex PCR Assay and rpoB Sequence Determination. Journal of Clinical Microbiology. Vol. 45, No. 1, pp. 134-140. DOI: 10.1128/JCM.01544-06
[22] Bradford, M. M. (1979). A Rapid and Sensitive Method for the Quantitation of Microgram Quantities of Proteins Utilizing the Principle of Protein-Dye Binding. Analytical Biochemistry. Vol. 72, Issue 1-2, pp. 248-254
[23] Laemmli, U. K. (1970). Cleavage of Structural Proteins during Assembly of Head of Bacteriophage T4. Nature. Vol. 227, pp. 680-685
[24] Lee, C. -T., Chen, I. -T., Yang, Y. -T., Ko, T. -P., Huang, Y. -T., Huang, J. -Y., Huang, M. -F., Lin, S. -J., Chen, C. -Y., Lin, S. -S., Lightner, D. V., Wang, H. -C., Wang, A. H., Wang, H. -C., Hor, L. -I., and Lo, C. -F. (2015). The Opportunistic Marine Pathogen Vibrio parahaemolyticus Becomes Virulent by Acquiring a Plasmid that Expresses a Deadly Toxin. In Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences of the United States of America. Vol. 112, No. 34, pp. 10798-10803. DOI: 10.1073/pnas.1503129112
[25] Maier, R. M. (2000). Bacterial Growth. In Environmental Microbiology. Maier, R.M., Pepper, I.L. and Gebra C.P., eds. pp. 43-59. Academic Press
[26] Zwietering, I., De Wit, J. C., Cuppers, H. G. A. M., and Van ‘T Riet, K. (1994). Modeling of Bacterial Growth with Shifts in Temperature. Applied and Environmental Microbiology. Vol. 60, No. 1, pp. 204-213
[27] Van Derlinden, E., Bernaerts, K, and Van Impe, J. F. (2008). Dynamics of Escherichia coli at Elevated Temperatures: Effect of Temperature History and Medium. Journal of Applied Microbiology. Vol. 104, No. 2, pp. 438-453. DOI: 10.1111/j.1365-2672.2007.03592.x
[28] Zotta, T., Guidone, A., Ianniello, R. G., Parente, E., and Ricciardi, A. (2013). Temperature and Respiration Affect the Growth and Stress Resistance of Lactobacillus plantarum C17. Journal of Applied Microbiology. Vol. 115, No. 3, pp. 848-858. DOI: 10.1111/jam.12285
[29] Soberón, M., Pardo, L., Muñóz-Garay, C., Sánchez, J., Gómez, I., Porta, H., and Bravo, A. (2010). Pore Formation by Cry Toxins. Advances in Experimental Medicine and Biology. Vol. 677, pp. 127-142
