Assessment of Phytochemical Profile and Antioxidant Activities of Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn. Seed Extract
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Abstract
Phytochemicals found in plants are important sources of antioxidants, which play a vital role in preventing and reducing the risk of various serious diseases such as diabetes mellitus, cardiovascular diseases, neurodegenerative and brain disorders, chronic inflammatory diseases, and cancer. These compounds have gained increasing attention from consumers worldwide. This study aimed to conduct a preliminary screening of phytochemicals, determine the total phenolic and flavonoid contents, and evaluate the antioxidant activity of crude seed extracts of Bouea oppositifolia (Roxb.) Meisn. using hexane, ethyl acetate, and methanol as solvents. Preliminary phytochemical screening using colorimetric or precipitation reactions revealed the presence of phenolics, flavonoids, anthraquinones, triterpenes, and tannins. The total phenolic and flavonoid contents were determined using the Folin-Ciocalteu reagent and the aluminum chloride colorimetric method, respectively. Among the extracts, the methanolic extract exhibited the highest total phenolic and flavonoid contents (105.91±0.70 mg GAE/g dried weight and 19.41±3.13 mg QE/g dried weight). It also demonstrated the strongest antioxidant activity based on all three methods: DPPH and ABTS radical scavenging assays (IC50 values of 0.16±0.05 and 5.54±0.35 µg/mL), and the FRAP assay (FRAP value of 560.51±30.90 mg FeSO4/g dried weight). These findings suggest that B. oppositifolia seed extract is a potential source of natural antioxidants and could serve as a basis for further research and development into health-related products.
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