Adsorption of Reactive Blue 19 Dye Using Charcoal Derived from Sterculia foetida Fruit Rind
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Abstract
Adsorption is a simple and effective method for treating wastewater contaminated with dyes from the textile industry. This study aimed to investigate the adsorption capacity of Reactive Blue 19 dye using charcoal prepared from Sterculia foetida fruit rind as the adsorbent. The physical properties of the prepared charcoal, the optimal conditions for adsorption, and the adsorption behavior based on isotherm and kinetic studies were examined under batch conditions. The results showed that the charcoal had a specific surface area of 12.74 m²/g and an average pore diameter of 2.111 nm, classifying it as mesoporous. Its morphology exhibited a rough surface with voids and pores, and the principal elemental components were carbon and oxygen. The optimal conditions for Reactive Blue 19 adsorption were an adsorbent dose of 0.30 g and an adsorption time of 180 min, while the pH of the dye solution did not significantly affect the adsorption. The adsorption isotherm data fitted the Langmuir isotherm better than the Freundlich isotherm, indicating monolayer, homogeneous adsorption, with a maximum adsorption capacity (qm) of 3.7764 mg/g. The adsorption kinetics followed the pseudo-second-order model, suggesting that the process was governed by chemisorption. These findings demonstrate the potential of charcoal derived from Sterculia foetida fruit rind as an adsorbent for removing Reactive Blue 19 from dyeing wastewater, thereby helping to reduce environmental pollution and promoting the valuable and sustainable utilization of locally available agricultural residues.
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