Butyltin compounds in Green mussel (Perna viridis) from the Coasts of Chonburi, Rayong and Trat Provinces
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Abstract
Butyltin compounds are marine environmental pollutant according to their used as tributyltinbased boat paint. These pollutants can be released from ship hulls and contaminated marine environments including water, sediment and animals. The effect of butyltin compounds were extensively reported leading to the global band on usage of tributyltin-based boat paint by the International Maritime Organization in 2008. Since butyltin compounds are persistent organic pollutants (POPs), continuously monitoring is required. For Thailand, measurements of butyltin compounds were initially performed in mussel Perna viridis during years 1994 - 1995 from the coast of Thailand with mean accumulation levels of 49 ng/g wet weight basis. In the East coast, mean accumulation levels of 32, 73 and 16 ng/g wet weight were reported in Chonburi, Rayong and Trat Provinces, respectively. Later, in 2004, butyltins accumulations in mussel were monitored again in the Upper Gulf of Thailand with mean accumulation level of 35 ng/g wet weight. In the East coast, accumulation level of 70 ng/g wet weight was reported in Chonburi. However, none of tissue accumulation has been reported after the band of butyltin compounds in 2008. This work therefore aimed to measure accumulation level of butyltin compounds in the mussel Perna viridis inhabiting along the East coasts of Thailand including Chonburi, Rayong and Trat Provinces. The analyses were performed by using sodium tetraethylborate in derivatization steps and analyzed with a GC-MS. Results showed that butyltin compounds were measured in mussels with mean accumulation level of 2.66 ng/g dry weights which was equivalent to 0.49 ng/g wet weights. The mean accumulation levels of Chonburi, Rayong and Trat Provinces were 1.04, 5.98 and 0.95 ng/g dry weight in which equivalent to 0.23, 1.10 and 0.15 ng/g wet weight basis. Our results indicated that bioaccumulations of butyltin compounds in mussels were extremely decreased comparing to previous reports.
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