Effects of Mangosteen Peel Extract on the Vigor of Low-Quality Tomato Seeds
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Abstract
This research aimed to investigate the effect of antioxidant-rich mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) on the invigoration of low-quality tomato seeds (Solanum lycopersicum L., cv. ARQ 2023). The study applied an osmopriming technique, in which tomato seeds with an initial germination rate of 60% were soaked in mangosteen peel extract solutions at concentrations of 1, 2, and 3% for 48 hours at 25 °C. The quality of the treated seeds was evaluated under both laboratory and greenhouse conditions. The results revealed that all concentrations of mangosteen peel extract significantly improved germination percentage and germination index compared with the control. Seeds primed with 3% extract showed the highest germination percentage (88.33%) and germination index (15.04 plants/day), while 2% extract resulted in the greatest root length (5.14 cm) and shoot length under greenhouse conditions (8.32 cm). The pericarp of mangosteen has been reported to contain various phytochemical compounds associated with antioxidant activity, which may be related to the reduction of cellular damage caused by free radicals. However, further evaluation of antioxidant activity is required to substantiate this hypothesis. Priming with 2–3% mangosteen peel extract is therefore a promising natural biopriming strategy for enhancing the vigor and quality of low-quality tomato seeds.
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