An Integrated LoRa-Enabled IoT Sensing System for Precision Agriculture: Design Algorithm and Practical Evaluation

Worawut Yimyam; Thittaporn Ganokratanaa; Narumol Chumuang; Mahasak  Ketcham; Pongsarun  Boonyopakorn

doi:10.55003/ETH.430208

Authors

Worawut Yimyam Phetchaburi Rajabhat University, Thailand
Thittaporn Ganokratanaa King Mongkut’s University of Technology Thonburi, Thailand
Narumol Chumuang Muban Chombueng Rajabhat University, Thailand
Mahasak Ketcham King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand
Pongsarun Boonyopakorn King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, Thailand

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.55003/ETH.430208

Keywords:

Precision agriculture, Internet of Things (IoTs), LoRa communication, environmental monitoring, wireless sensor networks

Abstract

Precision agriculture increasingly relies on Internet of Things (IoT) technologies for continuous environmental monitoring; however, practical deployment remains constrained by energy efficiency, long-range communication, and system scalability. This paper presents an integrated IoT-based environmental sensing system that combines multi-parameter sensors with a microcontroller-based node and LoRa based long-range communication through a hardware algorithm co design approach. A lightweight device level algorithm is developed to manage sequential sensing, data validation, compact payload construction, and duty cycled transmission under resource constrained conditions. Experimental evaluations under simulated and representative field conditions demonstrate that sensor measurements remain within acceptable accuracy ranges for precision agriculture, with stable repeatability and limited drift over time. Communication experiments show packet delivery ratios above 90% over extended distances, while scalability analysis confirms reliable multi node operation with moderate latency increase. Energy profiling reveals that duty cycled operation significantly reduces power consumption without substantially degrading communication reliability. Overall, the proposed system provides a practical, energy efficient, and scalable solution for long term environmental monitoring in precision agriculture.

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