Calibration of Strength and Stiffness Parameters on Soil Model of Sand-Tyre Crumb Mixtures by FEM
Keywords:
Sand-tyre crumb mixture, Stiffness and strength parameters, Hardening soil model, FEMAbstract
This study uses the Finite Element Method (FEM) to calibrate strength and stiffness parameters on the Mohr-Coulomb (MC) and Hardening soil (HS) models of various percentages of sand-tyre crumb combinations, with reference to laboratory Consolidated Drained (CD) triaxial test results. The laboratory findings show that as the percentage of tyre crumb in sand increases, the stiffness, strength, and internal friction angle of the sand-tyre crumb mixture decreases. The calibration of strength and stiffness parameters reveals that the MC soil model is capable of simulating the basic shear strength behavior of a sand-tyre crumb mixture, while the HS soil model is capable of simulating non-linear stress-strain behavior. Because the sample of tyre crumb used in this study is a recycled by-product from a local recycling plant in Thailand, this calibration of strength and stiffness parameters on soil model will benefit in applying the sand-tyre crumb mixture for numerous civil engineering applications in Thailand.
References
Rubber Recycling Technology, Research and Development Centre for Thai Rubber Industry,Oct 18, 2021. [Online]. Available: http://rubber.oie.go.th/box/Article/19951/1_rubberpowder.pdf
E. Masad, R. Taha, C. Ho and T. Papagiannakis, “Engineering Properties of Tire/Soil Mixtures as a Lightweight Fill Material,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 19, no. 3, pp. 297–304, 1996, doi: 10.1520/GTJ10355J.
S. Youwai and D. T. Bergado, “Strength and Deformation Characteristics of Shredded Rubber Tire-Sand Mixtures,” Canadian Geotechnical Journal, vol. 40, pp. 254–264, 2003, doi: 10.1139/t02-104.
S. Kawata, M. Hyodo, P. Orense, S. Yamada and H. Hazarika, “Undrained and Drained Shear Behaviour of Sand and Tire Chips Composite Material,” in Proc. of the International Workshop on Scrap Tire Derived Geomaterials-Opportunities and Challenges, Yokosuka, Japan, 2007, pp. 277–283.
M. Neaz Sheikh, M. S. Mashiri, J. S. Vinod and H. H. Tsang, “Shear and Compressibility Behavior of Sand–Tire Crumb Mixtures,” Journal of Materials in Civil Engineering, vol. 25, no. 10, pp. 1366–1374, 2013, doi:10.1061/(ASCE)MT.1943-5533.0000696.
R. Noorzad and M. Raveshi, “Mechanical Behavior of Waste Tire Crumbs–Sand Mixtures Determined by Triaxial Tests,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 35, pp. 1793–1802, 2017, doi: 10.1007/s10706-017-0209-9.
P. Pongvithayapanu, “Direct Shear Behaviour of Sand–Tyre Crumb Mixtures,” The Journal of King Mongkut's University of Technology North Bangkok, pp. 1–14, 2021, doi: 10.14416/j.kmutnb.2021.09.005.
T. Edil and P. Bosscher, “Engineering Properties of Tire Chips and Soil Mixtures,” Geotechnical Testing Journal, vol. 17, no. 4, pp. 453–464, 1994, doi: 10.1520/GTJ10306J.
G. V. Rao and R. K. Dutta, “Compressibility and Strength Behaviour of Sand–Tyre Chip Mixtures,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol. 24, pp. 711–724, 2006, doi: 10.1007/s10706-004-4006-x.
A. H. J. Al-Rkaby, “Strength and Deformation of Sand-Tire Rubber Mixtures (STRM): An Experimental Study,” Studia Geotechnica et Mechanica, vol. 41, no. 2, pp. 74–80, 2019, doi: 10.2478/sgem-2019-0007.
S. B. Reddy and A. M. Krishna, “Recycled Tire Chips Mixed with Sand as Lightweight Backfill Material in Retaining Wall Applications: An Experimental Investigation,” International Journal of Geosynthetics and Ground Engineering, vol. 1, no. 31, 2015, doi: 10.1007/s40891-015-0036-0.
S. N. Moghaddas Tafreshi, Gh. Tavakoli Mehrjardi and A. R. Dawson, “Buried Pipes in Rubber-Soil Backfilled Trenches under Cyclic Loading,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 138, pp. 1346–1356, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)GT.1943-5606.0000710, 2012
J. H. Lee, R. Salgado, A. Bernal, and C. W. Lovell “Shredded Tires and Rubber-Sand as Lightweight Backfill,” Journal of Geotechnical and Geoenvironmental Engineering, vol. 125, no. 2, pp. 132–141, 1999, doi: 10.1061/(ASCE)1090-0241(1999)125:2(132).
S. Youwai and D. T. Bergado, “Numerical Analysis of Reinforced Wall Using Rubber Tire Chips–Sand Mixtures as Backfill Material,” Computers and Geotechnics, vol 31, pp. 103–114, 2004, doi: 10.1016/j.compgeo.2004.01.008.
S. B. Reddy, A. M. Krishna and K. R. Reddy “Sustainable Utilization of Scrap Tire Derived Geomaterials for Geotechnical Applications,” Indian Geotechnical Journal, vol 48, pp. 251–266, 2018, doi: 10.1007/s40098-017-0273-3, 2018.
P. Horatiu and B. Loretta, “Using Finite Element Method in Geotechnical Design, Soil Constitutive Laws and Calibration of the Parameters: Retaining wall case study,” WSEAS Transactions on Applied and Theoretical Mechanics Journal, vol 5, pp. 177–186, 2010.
C. Surarak, S. Likitlersuang, D. Wanatowski, A. Balasubramaniam, E. Oh and H. Guan, “Stiffness and Strength Parameters for Hardening Soil Model of Soft and Stiff Bangkok Clays,” Soils and Foundations, vol. 52, no. 4, pp. 682–697, 2012, doi: 10.1016/j.sandf.2012.07.009.
G. Darvintharen, M. A. M. Ismail, M. F. M. Zaki and M. H. Z. Abidin, “Calibration of Stiffness Parameters for Hardening Soil Model in Residual Soil from Kenny Hill Formation” Bulletin of the Geological Society of Malaysia, vol. 67, pp. 119–125, doi: 10.7186/bgsm67201915.
F. Yanbin, H. Siyue, Z. Sizhan and Y. Yong, “Parameter Analysis on Hardening Soil Model of Soft Soil for Foundation Pits Based on Shear Rates in Shenzhen Bay, China,” Advances in Materials Science and Engineering, vol. 2020, pp. 1–11, 2020, doi: 10.1155/2020/7810918.
S. Fergani, K. A. A. Mokhtar, L. Djerbal, P. Pizette, N. -E. Abriak and A. Nechnech., “FEM Simulations of Granular Matter Behaviour under Triaxial Tests,” Geotechnical and Geological Engineering, vol 39, pp. 991–1008, 2021, doi: 10.1007/s10706-020-01540-x.
S. Saleh, N. Z. M. Yunus, K. Ahmad and K. N. M. Said, “Numerical Simulation with Hardening Soil Model Parameters of Marine Clay Obtained from Conventional Tests,” SN Applied Sciences, vol. 3, 2021, Art. no. 156, doi: 10.1007/s42452-020-04115-w.
Bentley Systems Inc., Exton, PA, USA. Plaxis 2D Reference Manual-Plaxis CONNECT Edition V21.00. 2020. Accessed: Dec. 01, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://communities.bentley.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-05-58/PLAXIS2DCE_2D00_V21.00_2D00_02_2D00_Reference_2D00_2D.pdf
Bentley Systems, Inc., Exton, PA, USA. Plaxis 2D Material Models Manual-Plaxis CONNECT Edition V21.00. 2020. Accessed: Dec. 01, 2020. [Online]. Available: https://communities.bentley.com/cfs-file/__key/communityserver-wikis-components-files/00-00-00-05-58/PLAXIS2DCE_2D00_V21.00_2D00_03_2D00_Material_2D00_Models.pdf
S. Yimsiri, “Undrained Strength-Deformation Characteristics of Bangkok Clay under General Stress Condition,” Dept. of Civ. Eng., Burapha Univ., Chonburi, Thailand, Final Report, 2014.
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
License
The published articles are copyrighted by the School of Engineering, King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang.
The statements contained in each article in this academic journal are the personal opinions of each author and are not related to King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang and other faculty members in the institute.
Responsibility for all elements of each article belongs to each author; If there are any mistakes, each author is solely responsible for his own articles.
