Current outlook and future potential of no-core fiber sensor technology based on plasmonic effect
Main Article Content
Abstract
This paper reviews presents a review of the current status and future prospects of plasmonic-effect-based No-Core Fiber (NCF) sensor technology. The discussion covers the basic principles of plasmonic effects, namely Surface Plasmon Resonance (SPR) and Localized Surface Plasmon Resonance (LSPR), the sensing mechanism of NCF, and the current status of plasmonic-based NCF sensor development. Plasmon-based NCF sensors have been widely applied in various measurement applications, with the majority of research focusing on refractive index sensors. Most studies still utilize SPR rather than LSPR, considering the technical challenges in controlling the size and shape of metal nanoparticles in LSPR. Nevertheless, LSPR provides design flexibility that enables precise tuning of nanostructure parameters to improve sensor sensitivity. Some potential development directions include optimizing sensor design to improve sensitivity and selectivity, developing more controllable and reproducible fabrication methods, and exploring new plasmonic materials. With the advancement of fabrication technology and characterization methods, it is expected that the technical challenges in developing plasmonic-based NCF sensors can be overcome. This advancement will facilitate broader applications across diverse fields, including chemistry, biosensing, and environmental monitoring.
Article Details

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Fakhri MA, Salim ET, Tariq SM, Ibrahim RK, Alsultany FH, Alwahib AA, et al. A gold nanoparticles coated unclad single mode fiber-optic sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance. Sci Rep. 2023;13(1):5680. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-32852-6
Akbarpour Z, Ahmadi V, Roghabadi FA. Enhanced Mach-Zehnder interferometer multimode–single-mode–multimode fiber optic refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance. Opt Fiber Technol. 2022;73:103035. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2022.103035
Lee S, Song H, Ahn H, Kim S, Choi JR, Kim K. Fiber-Optic localized surface plasmon resonance sensors based on nanomaterials. Sensors. 2021;21(3):819. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21030819
Gangwar RK, Kumari S, Pathak AK, Gutlapalli SD, Meena MC. Optical fiber based temperature sensors: a review. Optics. 2023;4(1):171-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/opt4010013
Ayaz RMA, Koucheh AB, Sendur K. Sensitivity of a tapered fiber refractive index sensor at diameters comparable to wavelength. Optik. 2022;265:169417. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.169417
Zhu G, Wang Y, Wang Z, Singh R, Marques C, Wu Q, et al. Localized plasmon-based multicore fiber biosensor for acetylcholine detection. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas. 2022;71:1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2021.3133335
Hidayat N, Aziz MSA, Nur H, Taufiq A, Mufti N, Mukti RR, et al. Sensitivity enhancement of gold nanospheres assisted CO2 laser tapered optical fiber for refractive index sensor. Opt Fiber Technol. 2023;77:103275. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2023.103275
E HP, Kong JAN, Chen WC, Chen CC, Cheng CH, Liu CY. Biocompatible spider silk-based metal-dielectric fiber optic sugar sensor. Biomed Opt Express. 2022;13(9):4483-93. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/BOE.462573
Zhao Y, Zhao J, Zhao Q. Review of no-core optical fiber sensor and applications. Sens Actuators A: Phys. 2020;313:112160. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2020.112160
Sabri N, Aljunid SA, Salim MS, Ahmad RB, Kamaruddin R. Toward optical sensors: review and applications. J Phys: Conf Ser. 2013;423:012064. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/423/1/012064
Zhang YN, Zhang L, Han B, Gao P, Wu Q, Zhang A. Reflective mercury ion and temperature sensor based on a functionalized no-core fiber combined with a fiber Bragg grating. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2018;272:331-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2018.05.168
Daud S, Ali J. Operational principles of fibre bragg grating and no-core fibre. In: Daud S, Ali J, editors. Fibre Bragg grating and no-core fibre sensors. Cham: Springer; 2018. p. 5-13. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-90463-4_2
Bhardwaj V, Pathak AK, Singh VK. No-core fiber-based highly sensitive optical fiber pH sensor. J Biomed Opt. 2017;22(5):57001. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.JBO.22.5.057001
Aziz MS, Shamsudin MS, Fahri MASA, Syuhada A, Raja Ibrahim RK, Bakhtiar H, et al. Glucose oxidase-based enzyme immobilised on tapered optical fibre for reliability improvement in selective glucose sensing. Optik. 2022;259:168970. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2022.168970
Karimi-Alavijeh H, Taslimi A, Maghsoudian MH, Poorghadiri MH, Kazemzadeh M. Fabrication of low-loss adiabatic optical microfibers using an attainable arc-discharge fiber tapering setup. Opt Commun. 2022;522:128669. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2022.128669
Baharin NF, Musa SMA, Azmi AI, Razak MAA, Abdullah AS, Salim MR, et al. Compact and high sensitivity low‐temperature sensor based on coreless silica fiber Mach‐Zehnder interferometer. Microw Opt Technol Lett. 2018;60(8):1929-34. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/mop.31269
Zhao Y, Zhao J, Zhao Q. High sensitivity seawater temperature sensor based on no-core optical fiber. Opt Fiber Technol. 2020;54:102115. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2019.102115
Khanikar T, Pathak AK, Singh VK. Reflectance-based no core fiber sensor with enhanced Sensitivity for salinity detection. Optik. 2018;159:1-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ijleo.2018.01.053
Novais S, Ferreira CIA, Ferreira MS, Pinto JL. Optical fiber tip sensor for the measurement of glucose aqueous solutions. IEEE Photonics J. 2018;10(5):1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2018.2869944
Zhang M, Zhu G, Lu L, Lou X, Zhu L. Refractive index sensor based on ultrafine tapered single-mode nocladding single-mode fiber structure. Opt Fiber Technol. 2019;48:297-302. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2019.01.008
Liu P, Zeng Y, Feng L, Liu X. Synergistic enhancement of ammonia sensing using U-shaped tapered no-core fiber and functional group-modulated MXene. Opt Fiber Technol. 2026;96:104489. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104489
Yang Z, Xia L, Li W. An MMF-NCF-MMF structure based SPR sensor for highly sensitive detection of glucose and salt solutions. The 18th International Conference on Optical Communications and Networks (ICOCN); 2019 Aug 5-8; Huangshan, China. USA: IEEE; 2019. p. 1-2. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/ICOCN.2019.8934835
Ma ZM, Huang YW, Meng H, Huang XG. Simultaneous measurement of temperature and pressure by utilizing an integrated Mach-Zehnder. J Light Technol. 2017;35(22):4924-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2017.2765278
Wu Y, Xiao S, Xu Y, Shen Y, Jiang Y, Jin W, et al. Highly sensitive force sensor based on balloon-like interferometer. Opt Laser Technol. 2018;103:17-21. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2018.01.008
Zebian HY, Taher HJ. Relative humidity sensor based on no-core multimode interferometer coated with Al2O3-PVA composite films. Opt Fiber Technol. 2020;54:102110. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2019.102110
Yang J, Wu Q, Lv Y, Wang M, Meng L, Tian K, et al. Optical fiber current sensing based on a macro-bending no-core fiber structure and magnetic fluid. Opt Laser Technol. 2022;155:108365. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2022.108365
Wang Y, Zhao Y, Lv R, Wang L, Gong P, Guo Z, et al. Multi-parameter optical fiber sensor based on the combination of double SPR and MZl for magnetic field, temperature, and salinity. Opt Laser Technol. 2026;197:114810. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optlastec.2026.114810
Giannini V, Fernández‐Domínguez AI, Sonnefraud Y, Roschuk T, Fernández‐García R, Maier SA. Controlling light localization and light–matter interactions with nanoplasmonics. Small. 2010;6(22):2498-507. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1002/smll.201001044
Chauhan M, Kumar Singh V. Review on recent experimental SPR/LSPR based fiber optic analyte sensors. Opt Fiber Technol. 2021;64:102580. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102580
Sepúlveda B, Angelomé PC, Lechuga LM, Liz-Marzán LM. LSPR-based nanobiosensors. Nano Today. 2009;4(3):244-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.nantod.2009.04.001
Wang YR, Tou ZQ, Zhao CL, So PL, Chan CC. Localized surface plasmon resonance refractometer based on no-core fiber. The 25th Optical Fiber Sensors Conference (OFS); 2017 Apr 24-28; Jeju, Korea (South). USA: IEEE; 2017. p. 1-4.
Wang H, Wu M, Zhou J, Zheng S, Xie T, Dai W, et al. SPR sensor based on cascaded NCF and U-Shaped multimode fibers for simultaneous detection of refractive index and temperature. IEEE Sens J. 2023;23(15):16851-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2023.3282657
Zhang H, Zhou X, Li X, Gong P, Zhang Y, Zhao Y. Recent advancements of LSPR fiber-optic biosensing: combination methods, structure, and prospects. Biosensors. 2023;13(3):405. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/bios13030405
Wang Q, Zhang D, Qian Y, Yin X, Wang L, Zhang S, et al. Research on fiber optic surface plasmon resonance biosensors: a review. Photonic Sens. 2024;14(2):240201. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-024-0703-7
Lu M, Wang C, Fan R, Lin M, Guang J, Peng W. Review of fiber-optic localized surface plasmon resonance sensors: geometries, fabrication technologies, and bio-applications. Photonic Sens. 2024;14(2):240202. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-024-0709-1
Wu Q, Qu Y, Liu J, Yuan J, Wan SP, Wu T, et al. Singlemode-Multimode-Singlemode fiber structures for sensing applications—a review. IEEE Sens J. 2021;21(11):12734-51. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2020.3039912
Guzmán-Sepúlveda JR, Guzmán-Cabrera R, Castillo-Guzmán AA. Optical sensing using fiber-optic multimode interference devices: a review of nonconventional sensing schemes. Sensors. 2021;21(5):1862. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21051862
Chen Y, Ming H. Review of surface plasmon resonance and localized surface plasmon resonance sensor. Photonic Sens. 2012;2(1):37-49. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s13320-011-0051-2
Korec J, Stasiewicz KA, Jaroszewicz LR, Garbat K. SPR effect controlled by an electric field in a tapered optical fiber surrounded by a low refractive index nematic liquid crystal. Materials. 2020;13(21):4942. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/ma13214942
Cennamo N, Massarotti D, Galatus R, Conte L, Zeni L. Performance comparison of two sensors based on surface plasmon resonance in a plastic optical fiber. Sensors. 2013;13(1):721-35. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s130100721
Wang X, Li S, Chen H, Liu Q, Wang G, Zhao Y. Compatibility of temperature sensor and polarization filter based on au film and glycerin selectively infilling photonic crystal fibers. Plasmonics. 2016;11(5):1265-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-015-0170-5
Feng Y, Li H, Li S, Liu Y, Meng X. A high-sensitivity spr refractive index sensor based on no-core fiber with Ag-Cu composite films. Sensors. 2021;21(21):7000. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s21217000
Petryayeva E, Krull UJ. Localized surface plasmon resonance: nanostructures, bioassays and biosensing—a review. Anal Chim Acta. 2011;706(1):8-24. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.aca.2011.08.020
Xu T, Geng Z. Strategies to improve performances of LSPR biosensing: structure, materials, and interface modification. Biosens Bioelectron. 2021;174:112850. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bios.2020.112850
Ortega-Mendoza JG, Padilla-Vivanco A, Toxqui-Quitl C, Zaca-Morán P, Villegas-Hernández D, Chávez F. Optical fiber sensor based on localized surface plasmon resonance using silver nanoparticles photodeposited on the optical fiber end. Sensors. 2014;14(10):18701-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s141018701
Dutta R, Bharadwaj R, Mukherji S, Kundu T. Study of localized surface-plasmon-resonance-based optical fiber sensor. Appl Opt. 2011;50(25):E138-E144. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.50.00E138
Chen J, Shi S, Su R, Qi W, Huang R, Wang M, et al. Optimization and application of reflective LSPR optical fiber biosensors based on silver nanoparticles. Sensors. 2015;15(6):12205-17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s150612205
Caucheteur C, Guo T, Albert J. Review of plasmonic fiber optic biochemical sensors: improving the limit of detection. Anal Bioanal Chem. 2015;407(14):3883-97. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s00216-014-8411-6
Bae SW, Kim HM, Park JH, Lee SK. Improvement of fiber optic based localized surface plasmon resonance sensor by optical fiber surface etching and Au capping. Micro Nano Syst Lett. 2019;7(1):17. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1186/s40486-019-0096-3
Haes AJ, Zou S, Zhao J, Schatz GC, Van Duyne RP. Localized surface plasmon resonance spectroscopy near molecular resonances. J Am Chem Soc. 2006;128(33):10905-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1021/ja063575q
Addanki S, Amiri IS, Yupapin P. Review of optical fibers-introduction and applications in fiber lasers. Results Phys. 2018;10:743-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.rinp.2018.07.028
Naeem K, Karki D, Khanikar T, Zhang P, Sarcinelli E, Lalam N, et al. No-core fiber based multipoint ultrasonic acoustic sensors for energy infrastructure monitoring. J Light Technol. 2025;43(18):8904-16. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3595534
Lin GR, Fu MY, Sheng HJ, Sun HT, Liu WF. A high sensitivity index sensor based on no-core fibers. Appl Mech Mater. 2013;284-287:1986-90. DOI: https://doi.org/10.4028/www.scientific.net/AMM.284-287.1986
Wu Y, Yang Y, Jin W, Shen Y, Jian S. Compact Mach–Zehnder interferometer-based no-core fiber hollow-core fiber no-core fiber structure. Opt Eng. 2017;56(3):030501. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1117/1.OE.56.3.030501
Xu W, Shi J, Yang X, Xu D, Rong F, Zhao J, et al. Improved numerical calculation of the single-mode-no-core-single-mode fiber structure using the fields far from cutoff approximation. Sensors. 2017;17(10):2240. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/s17102240
Wang Z, Chen D, Yang X, Liang S, Sun X. Temperature sensor of single-mode-no-core-single-mode fiber structure coated with PDMS. Opt Fiber Technol. 2022;68:102793. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2021.102793
Zheng Y, Lang T, Cao B, Jin J, Dong R, Feng H. Fiber optic SPR sensor for human Immunoglobulin G measurement based on the MMF-NCF-MMF structure. Opt Fiber Technol. 2018;46:179-85. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2018.10.015
Chen Y, Han Q, Liu T, Xiao H. Wavelength dependence of the sensitivity of all-fiber refractometers based on the singlemode–multimode–singlemode structure. IEEE Photonics J. 2014;6(4):1-7. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JPHOT.2014.2344004
Zhu X, Huang Q, Chen H, Ling Q, Ren Z, Peng B, et al. Ultra-high sensitive refractive index sensor based on etched SNS fiber structure and self-imaging. Opt Commun. 2024;570:130893. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2024.130893
Mohd Razali N, Lokman MQ, Zuikafly SNF, Ahmad F, Abdul Rahman MA, Yahaya H, et al. No-core fiber by self-image length optimization for optical based refractive index sensor. Opt Fiber Technol. 2022;74:103133. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2022.103133
Mahmood B, Al-Dergazly AA, Al-Juboori H. Enhancement of magnetic fluid multimode interference filter-based on no-core fiber in the fourth self-imaging. Al-Nahrain J Eng Sci. 2025;28(2):304-10. DOI: https://doi.org/10.29194/NJES.28020304
Xiao G, Zhang K, Yang Y, Yang H, Guo L, Li J, et al. Graphene oxide sensitized no-core fiber step-index distribution sucrose sensor. Photonics. 2020;7(4):101. DOI: https://doi.org/10.3390/photonics7040101
Velusamy AS, Noor MYM, Ahmad F, Iqbal F, Azizan A. A humidity sensor utilizing multimode interference coreless silica fiber. Phys Scr. 2025;100(6):065524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/add4d0
Yang J, Zhao Y, Wu Z, Guo H, Xu Y, Yang M, et al. Infrared evanescent wave planar fiber sensor for the detection of lysine in pharmaceuticals. J Light Technol. 2025;43(14):6932-8. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JLT.2025.3563953
Li K, Yin Z, Li S. Experimental study on high sensitivity intensity modulation curvature sensor based on SPR no-core fiber. IEEE Sens J. 2024;24(2):1383-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2023.3337359
Aljbar NA, Mahdi BR, Khalid AH, Attallah AH, Abdulwahid FS, Haider AJ. Enhanced surface plasmon resonance (SPR) fiber optic sensor for environmental monitoring: a coreless fiber–based design. Plasmonics. 2024;20(2):605-14. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11468-024-02332-2
Li D, Chen L, Huo T, Gao T, Wang M, Li S. A high-sensitivity broadband dual-channel optical fiber sensor that modulates the SPR wavelength into the infrared band by using CeF3 film. Infrared Phys Technol. 2026;152:106249. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2025.106249
Hidayat N, Hidayat A, Nabila LA, Luthfiyyah SA, Taufiq A, Aziz MSA, et al. Laser-tapered optical fibers with LSPR activation for enhanced refractive index sensing. Sens Actuators A: Phys. 2025;396:117181. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sna.2025.117181
Song M, Jing X, Yin Z. Simultaneous measurement of temperature and humidity using a dual-parameter sensor based on SPR and no-core fiber technology. Phys Scr. 2024;99(7):075524. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad52d2
Liu Y, Chen H, Li H, Zhang S, Gao Z, Feng Y, et al. High-performance surface plasmon resonance refractometer based on a no-core fiber coated with a silver film. J Opt Soc Am B. 2021;38(9):2536-42. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/JOSAB.433055
Al-Rubaiyee HA, Al-Hayali SK, Al-Janabi AH. Nanostructured coating of graphene nanoparticles deposited onto a cladding etched no-core optical fiber for temperature measurement. Appl Opt. 2020;59(15):4663-71. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/AO.389417
Li L, Zhang YN. Fiber-Optic SPR pH sensor based on MMF–NCF–MMF structure and self-assembled nanofilm. IEEE Trans Instrum Meas. 2021;70:1-9. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/TIM.2020.3039864
Yin Z, Li K, Jing X. No-core fiber surface plasmon resonance dual-channel sensor for refractive index and temperature sensing with compact structure. Infrared Phys Technol. 2023;131:104687. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2023.104687
Li B, Yan X, Zhang X, Wang F, Li S, Suzuki T, et al. No-core optical fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for glucose solution concentration and temperature measurement. Opt Express. 2021;29(9):12930-40. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1364/OE.423307
Chen L, Li D, Huo T, Jing X. Temperature-compensated no-core fiber sensor based on surface plasmon resonance for measuring glucose solution concentration and ambient temperature. Measurement. 2026;258:119248. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.measurement.2025.119248
Song M, Jing X, Yin Z, Li S. Ag and ZnO coated MMF-NCF SPR fiber optic sensor for simultaneous measurement of curvature and refractive index. IEEE Sens J. 2025;25(1):498-504. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2024.3485672
Feng Y, Feng A, Zhao M, Wang X, Xi S, Wang X, et al. A Dual-Channel optical fiber sensor based on sodium film for simultaneous measurement of refractive index and temperature. Opt Fiber Technol. 2026;98:104525. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.yofte.2025.104525
Asha AB, Narain R. Chapter 15 - Nanomaterials properties. In: Narain R, editor. Polymer Science and Nanotechnology. Amsterdam: Elsevier; 2020. p. 343-59. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-816806-6.00015-7
Hu H, Song X, Han Q, Chang P, Zhang J, Liu K, et al. High sensitivity fiber optic SPR refractive index sensor based on multimode-no-core-multimode structure. IEEE Sens J. 2020;20(6):2967-75. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2019.2956559
Ding Z, Zhao C, Lang T, Jin J. Fiber refractive index sensor based on surface plasmon resonance with no-core fiber. 2017 Conference on Lasers and Electro-Optics Pacific Rim (CLEO-PR); 2017 Jul 31 - Aug 4; Singapore. Singapore: IEEE; 2017. p. 1-3. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/CLEOPR.2017.8118671
Lan F, Wang DN, Chen H. Surface plasmon resonance sensor based on waveguides inscribed in no-core fiber. IEEE Photonics Technol Lett. 2023;35(16):903-6. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/LPT.2023.3288485
Li B, Zhang F, Liu W, Chen X, Gao Y, Wang F, et al. An ultraviolet sensor based on surface plasmon resonance in no-core optical fiber deposited by Ag and ZnO film. Surf Interfaces. 2022;31:102074. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.surfin.2022.102074
Zhang Z, Li S, Yin Z. Sodium-based no-core fiber surface plasmon resonance sensor with high sensitivity and narrow FWHM. Phys Scr. 2024;99(5):055023. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1402-4896/ad3992
Yin Z, Li K, Jing X, Ullah S, Zhang Z. A broadband SPR sensor based on a no-core fiber coated with gold-silver for refractive index and temperature measurement. Infrared Phys Technol. 2023;132:104756. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.infrared.2023.104756
Li Y, Chen H, Zhang Y, Chen Q, Wu B, Fan X, et al. Simultaneous measurements of refractive index and temperature based on a no-core fiber coated with Ag and PDMS films. Chinese Phys B. 2023;32(5):054209. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1088/1674-1056/ac8f36
Kumar Pathak A, Swargiary K, Viphavakit C. SPR-Enhanced detection of isopropanol vapor using Au/MIP-coated optical fiber sensor. IEEE Sens J. 2025;25(16):30743-50. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1109/JSEN.2025.3585846
Li K, Li S, Du H. Research on a high-sensitivity dual-parameter SPR sensor utilizing cascaded NCF-PCF architecture. Opt Commun. 2025;591:132152. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.optcom.2025.132152
Lu F, Wright R, Lu P, Cvetic PC, Ohodnicki PR. Distributed fiber optic pH sensors using sol-gel silica based sensitive materials. Sens Actuators B: Chem. 2021;340:129853. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.snb.2021.129853
Chauhan M, Singh VK. ZnO nanostructures coated no-core fiber refractive index sensor. Mater Sci Semicond Process. 2022;147:106757. DOI: https://doi.org/10.1016/j.mssp.2022.106757
