Combination of cassava starch and peel, using corn stalks and husks, and bentonite clay as fillers to enhance the mechanical properties of bioplastics
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Abstract
This study investigates the effect of combining cassava starch gelatin and cassava peel gelatin and evaluates the influence of two different fillers, cellulose and bentonite clay, on the mechanical properties of bioplastics. It aims to obtain bioplastics with tensile strength and elongation properties comparable to low-density polyethylene (LDPE). The study employs different mass ratios of starch to gelatin (9:1, 8:2, and 7:3 g/g) and incorporates bentonite clay and cellulose fillers (corn stalks and husks), each at 0.4 g. The materials were processed with a 200-mesh sieve. Bioplastic synthesis involved a glycerol concentration of 25% (w/w), stirring at 375 rpm for 35 minutes at 90°C. Mechanical properties (tensile strength, elongation, and Young's modulus) were analyzed, along with SEM and FTIR characterization. The results indicate that the bioplastic formulation with a starch-to-gelatin ratio of 8:2 and bentonite clay as a filler exhibits the most promising mechanical properties, with a tensile strength of 1.837 MPa, elongation of 33.584%, and a Young's modulus of 5.47 MPa. Comparatively, bentonite clay enhanced tensile strength and rigidity, while cellulose fillers provided higher elongation and flexibility but lower reinforcement due to particle agglomeration. FTIR analysis identified key functional groups, including O-H, CH2, C=O, N-H, and C-O. The combination of cassava starch, cassava peels, corn stalk-derived cellulose, fillers, and plasticizers significantly impacts the quality and mechanical properties of bioplastics.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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