Effect of SiO2 derived natural bamboo leaf ash on paving blocks to reduce pollutants
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Abstract
The annual increase in traffic volume contributes approximately 71% of nitrogen oxide (NOx) emissions and 15% of sulfur oxide (SOx) emissions, along with other air pollutants. Paving blocks with a TiO2-SiO2 photocatalyst layer offer a promising solution for mitigating these pollutants by enhancing the adsorption and degradation of organic compounds. Since, conventional SiO2 sources are typically derived from nonrenewable materials, bamboo leaf ash presents a renewable and environmentally friendly alternative. This study aimed to identify the optimal TiO2-SiO2 composition and evaluate the adsorption efficiency and physical properties of paving blocks incorporating SiO2 derived from bamboo leaf ash. TiO2-SiO2 composites were synthesized with mass ratios of 2:0.5 (K1), 2:1 (K2), 0.5:2 (K3), 1:2 (K4), and 2:2 (K5). Paving blocks were fabricated by mixing cement, sand, water, and the TiO2-SiO2 composite in a ratio of 1:4:0.5:1, then molded into 20 × 10 × 6 cm blocks. Each block featured a 5 mm photocatalyst layer atop a 55 mm base layer. Characterization included scanning electron microscopy (SEM), compressive strength testing, water absorption analysis, and UV-Vis spectrophotometry. The optimal performance was found in sample K5 (TiO2:SiO2 = 2:2), which demonstrated a pollutant adsorption value of 0.086 ppm, water absorption of 8.47%, and a compressive strength of 14.58 MPa. These results indicate a uniform distribution of the TiO2-SiO2 composite, enhancing the efficiency of pollutant removal. The paving blocks meet the SNI 03-0691-1996 Quality Standard C, confirming their suitability for practical application.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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