Increasing the yield in the exfoliation of graphite using serum from skim natural rubber latex in ultrasound-induced and shear-induced systems
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Abstract
The green exfoliation of graphite using the serum from skim natural rubber latex, with some left-over ammonia, was investigated. The methods proposed to increase the exfoliation yield included varying the graphite concentration from 10 to 25 mg/ml of serum, using smaller graphite powders obtained from the sedimentation of a graphite precursor, and increasing rotor speed of a homogenizer. The two former cases were performed in an ultrasonic bath. In the first case, using 10 mg of graphite/ml of serum gave the maximum yield of 0.70%. In the second case of using graphite suspended in the supernatant after 15-min settling as starting material in exfoliation, the yield was increased to 0.74% at the graphite concentration of 25 mg/ml. In the last case, using the homogenizer probe at 5,400 rpm for 20 min gave the yield up to 10.5%. Based on Raman spectroscopy, all these exfoliated products were multilayer graphene-based materials and could be comparable to the commercial graphene-based product.
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This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
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