Efficient Oxidation of Methylene Blue via Catalytic Activation of Peroxymonosulfate via an Engineered δ-FeOOH/Pili Nutshell Biochar Composite
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Abstract
This study introduces a novel composite catalyst formed by anchoring delta iron oxyhydroxide (δ-FeOOH) onto pyrolyzed Pili nutshell biochar via a room-temperature coprecipitation technique, marking the first application of Pili nutshell waste in advanced oxidation processes for wastewater treatment. This innovative methodology enhances catalyst dispersion and stability, facilitating the activation of peroxymonosulfate (PMS) to generate reactive sulfate radicals (SO4•–) for the degradation of methylene blue (MB), a thiazine dye commonly used in the medical field and the dye industry. Different techniques have been used to characterize synthesized composites in terms of their morphology, elemental composition, surface functional groups, and crystalline phase structure. The system achieved a maximum MB degradation efficiency of 90.88% within 30 min at pH 6.0 when low dosages of PMS and the δ-FeOOH/biochar composite were used, following pseudo-first-order degradation kinetics. Radical scavenging experiments confirmed that SO4•– radicals were primarily responsible for the degradation process. Notably, the composite maintained over 70% removal efficiency after four reuse cycles, indicating its potential for sustainable and cost-effective wastewater treatment. This research highlights the effectiveness of the δ-FeOOH/biochar/PMS system as a promising solution for treating MB-laden wastewater, contributing to environmental sustainability and waste valorization.
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