Fenton and Photo-Fenton for Treatment of Red Water Containing Trinitrotoluene: A Comparative Study
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Wastewater originating from the production of TNT explosives (red water) contains special hazardous substances that must be treated before discharging into the water environment. In this study, we applied both conventional Fenton and photo-Fenton (UV-Fenton) processes to treat COD and color in red water. In the Fenton process, the COD and color removal efficiencies were 75.5 and 92.4%, respectively, under optimal operating conditions of pH = 3, [Fe2+] = 0.3 g L-1, H2O2/Fe(Ⅱ) ratio = 10:1, reaction time = 120 min. In the UV-Fenton process, the efficiencies were 76.1 and 94.2%, respectively, under optimal operating conditions of pH = 3, [Fe2+] = 0.21 g L-1, H2O2/Fe(Ⅱ) ratio = 7:1, reaction time = 90 min. These results indicate that the use of ultraviolet could reduce not only the reaction time but also the chemical use (i.e. H2O2 and Fe2+), thus reducing the sludge production. Importantly, the UV-Fenton process significantly increased the BOD5/COD ratio from 0.13 to 0.58, which greatly enhanced the biodegradability of the wastewater for biological treatment. Therefore, UV-Fenton can be applied as an effective pretreatment in the treatment of red water with high color and organic pollutants.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 4.0 International License.
Published articles are under the copyright of the Applied Environmental Research effective when the article is accepted for publication thus granting Applied Environmental Research all rights for the work so that both parties may be protected from the consequences of unauthorized use. Partially or totally publication of an article elsewhere is possible only after the consent from the editors.
References
Barreto-Rodrigues, M., Silva, F.T., Paiva, T.C.B. Combined zero-valent iron and fenton processes for the treatment of Brazilian TNT industry wastewater. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 165(1), 1224-8.
Hao, O.J., Phull, K.K., Chen, J.M. Wet oxidation of TNT red water and bacterial toxicity of treated waste. Water Research, 1994, 28(2), 283-90.
Barreto-Rodrigues, M., Silva, F.T., Paiva, T.C. Characterization of wastewater from the Brazilian TNT industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2009, 164(1), 385-8.
Lewis, T.A., Newcombe, D.A., Crawford, R.L. Bioremediation of soils contaminated with explosives. Journal of Environmental Management, 2004, 70(4), 291-307.
Zhao, Q., Gao, Y., Ye, Z. Reduction of COD in TNT red water through adsorption on macroporous polystyrene resin RS 50B. Vacuum, 2013, 95, 71-5.
Fu, D., Zhang, Y., Lv, F., Chu, P.K., Shang, J. Removal of organic materials from TNT red water by Bamboo Charcoal adsorption. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2012, 193-194, 39-49.
Pouretedal, H.R., Damiri, S., Alikhasti, M., Mahmoodi, H. Treatment of TNT red water by chemical-modified carbon adsorbent prepared from cheap raw materials of pine tree wood. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2016, 57(45), 21294-303.
Hu, P., Zhang, Y., Lv, F., Wang, X., Tong, W., Meng, Z., Chu, P.K., Zhang, A. Reduction in Chemical Oxygen Demand of TNT Red Water Using Layered Double Hydroxide Prepared from Red Mud and Brucite. Environmental Engineering Science, 2017, 34(10), 721-30.
Hu, P., Zhang, Y., Lv, F., Wang, X., Wei, F., Meng, X., Jiang, S. Organic Pollution Removal from TNT Red Water Using Cu-Impregnated Activated Coke. Water, Air, & Soil Pollution, 2014, 225(4), 1936.
Wei, F., Zhang, Y., Lv, F., Chu, P.K., Ye, Z. Extraction of organic materials from red water by metal-impregnated lignite activated carbon. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2011, 197, 352-60.
Zhang, M., Zhao, Q., Ye, Z. Organic pollutants removal from 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water using low cost activated coke. Journal of Environmental Sciences, 2011, 23(12), 1962-9.
Fakhraee, H., Gholamy, M. Optimization of TNT Wastewater Treatment by Combination of Coagulation and Fenton Processes Using RSM Methodology. Computational Research Progress in Applied Science & Engineering, 2016, 02(04).
Luan, M., Jing, G., Piao, Y., Liu, D., Jin, L. Treatment of refractory organic pollutants in industrial wastewater by wet air oxidation. Arabian Journal of Chemistry, 2017, 10, S769-S76.
Zhao, Q., Ye, Z., Zhang, M. Treatment of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water by vacuum distillation. Chemosphere, 2010, 80(8), 947-50.
Meng, Q., Song, K., Zhao, Q., Ye, Z. Removal of nitro aromatic compounds and sulfite acid from distillate of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene red water using modified porous polystyrene microspheres. Journal of Applied Polymer Science, 2013, 127(3), 1578-84.
Zhu, Q., Zhang, Y., Zhou, F., Lv, F., Ye, Z., Fan, F., Chu, P.K. Preparation and characterization of Cu2O–ZnO immobilized on diatomite for photocatalytic treatment of red water produced from manufacturing of TNT. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2011, 171(1), 61-8.
Ludwichk, R., Helferich, O.K., Kist, C.P., Lopes, A.C., Cavasotto, T., Silva, D.C., Barreto-Rodrigues, M. Characterization and photocatalytic treatability of red water from Brazilian TNT industry. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2015, 293, 81-6.
Shen, B., Zhang, Y., An, Q., Yu, L., Shang, J. Cu2O immobilized on reduced graphene oxide for the photocatalytic treatment of red water produced from the manufacture of TNT. Desalination and Water Treatment, 2015, 54(2), 540-6.
Zhang, Y., Cheng, K., Lv, F., Huang, H., Fei, B., He, Y., Ye, Z., Shen, B. Photocatalytic treatment of 2,4,6-trinitotoluene in red water by multi-doped TiO2 with enhanced visible light photocatalytic activity. Colloids and Surfaces A: Physicochemical and Engineering Aspects, 2014, 452, 103-8.
Jiang, N., Wang, Y., Zhao, Q., Ye, Z. Application of Ti/IrO2 electrode in the electrochemical oxidation of the TNT red water. Environmental Pollution, 2020, 259, 113801.
Jiang, N., Zhao, Q., Xue, Y., Xu, W., Ye, Z. Removal of dinitrotoluene sulfonate from explosive wastewater by electrochemical method using Ti/IrO2 as electrode. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2018, 188, 732-40.
Zhang, M., Liu, G.-h., Song, K., Wang, Z., Zhao, Q., Li, S., Ye, Z. Biological treatment of 2,4,6-trinitrotoluene (TNT) red water by immobilized anaerobic–aerobic microbial filters. Chemical Engineering Journal, 2015, 259, 876-84.
Xu, W., Zhao, Q., Li, Z., Lu, X., Han, S., Ye, Z. Biodegradation of dinitrotoluene sulfonates and other nitro-aromatic compounds by Pseudomonas sp. X5 isolated from TNT red water contaminated soil. Journal of Cleaner Production, 2019, 214, 782-90.
Zarei, A.R., Rezaei-Vahidian, H., Mehrabi, G.R., Farajpour, T. Application of response surface methodology to optimize degradation of TNT using nano Fe0-assisted fenton process. Environmental Progress & Sustainable Energy, 2019, 38(2), 477-82.
Nguyen Trung, D., Dat, N.Q., Thao, H.X., Son, L.T., Huy, N.N. A Comprehensive Investigation of the Factors Affecting the Treatment of Trinitrotoluene Redwater by Coagulation and Electro-Fenton. Journal of Water Chemistry and Technology, 2023, 45(1), 74-81.
Ayoub, K., van Hullebusch, E.D., Cassir, M., Bermond, A. Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal: A review. Journal of Hazardous Materials, 2010, 178(1), 10-28.
He, X., Zeng, Q., Zhou, Y., Zeng, Q., Wei, X., Zhang, C. A DFT Study Toward the Reaction Mechanisms of TNT With Hydroxyl Radicals for Advanced Oxidation Processes. The Journal of Physical Chemistry A, 2016, 120(20), 3747-53.
Pignatello, J.J., Oliveros, E., MacKay, A.J.C.r.i.e.s., technology. Advanced oxidation processes for organic contaminant destruction based on the Fenton reaction and related chemistry. Critical reviews in environmental science technology, 2006, 36(1), 1-84.
Duesterberg, C.K., Mylon, S.E., Waite, T.D. pH Effects on Iron-Catalyzed Oxidation using Fenton’s Reagent. Environ Sci Technol, 2008, 42(22), 8522-7.
Ayoub, K., van Hullebusch, E.D., Cassir, M., Bermond, A. Application of advanced oxidation processes for TNT removal: A review. J Hazard Mater, 2010, 178(1-3), 10-28.
Huống, N.V. Nghiên cứu xử lý nước thải dây chuyền sản xuất diazo dinitrophenol bằng giải pháp sắt nano hóa trị không và Feton. Huong, editor2018.
Hu, X., Wang, X., Ban, Y., Ren, B. A comparative study of UV–Fenton, UV–H2O2 and Fenton reaction treatment of landfill leachate. Environmental Technology, 2011, 32(9), 945-51.
Zhao, J., Ouyang, F., Yang, Y., Tang, W. Degradation of recalcitrant organics in nanofiltration concentrate from biologically pretreated landfill leachate by ultraviolet-Fenton method. Separation and Purification Technology, 2020, 235, 116076.
Sarto, S., Paesal, P., Tanyong, I.B., Laksmana, W.T., Prasetya, A., Ariyanto, T. Catalytic Degradation of Textile Wastewater Effluent by Peroxide Oxidation Assisted by UV Light Irradiation. Catalysts, 2019, 9(6), 509.
Leong, S.K., Bashah, N.A.A. Kinetic Study on COD Removal of Palm Oil Refinery Effluent by UV-Fenton. APCBEE Procedia, 2012, 3, 6-10.
Zhai, J., Ma, H., Liao, J., Rahaman, M.H., Yang, Z., Chen, Z. Comparison of Fenton, ultraviolet–Fenton and ultrasonic–Fenton processes on organics and colour removal from pre-treated natural gas produced water. International Journal of Environmental Science and Technology, 2018, 15(11), 2411-22.