Magnetization of a Biochar Derived from Orange Peel and Its Application for the Removal of Crystal Violet

Abstract

In this work, biochar synthesized from orange peel modified with magnetite was used as an alternative magnetic adsorbent for dye removal. The magnetization of the synthesized biochar was done using the co-precipitation method. The obtained composite was characterized by X-ray diffraction (XRD), Scanning electron microscopy (SEM), and Raman spectroscopy. The efficiency of magnetized biochar (OPB/Fe₃O₄) was studied in the process of removing crystal violet (CV) from an aqueous solution at different temperatures. The experimental data obtained for the kinetic studies were better fitted to the pseudo-second-order model, and the isotherms data were well fitted to the Langmuir model. The results showed that the adsorption capacity increases with increasing temperature, reaching 113 mg g^-1 at 50 °C. Thermodynamic parameters (ΔG⁰, ΔH⁰, ΔS⁰) were also calculated; their values showed that the adsorption was spontaneous and endothermic. These results inspire us to use other similar materials to solve the problem of water and environmental pollution.