Assessment of Cadmium and Zinc Contamination in the Soils Around Pha Te Village, Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand
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Abstract
In this study sequential extraction was used to fractionate cadmium (Cd) and zinc (Zn) from soils into six operationally defined groups; water soluble, buffer-exchangeable, carbonate, FeMn oxide, organic, and residual. Soil samples from agricultural areas surrounding Pha Te village, Mae Sot District, Tak Province, Thailand, were classified into four categories; forest soil, upland soil, upper-paddy soil and lower-paddy soil. Total soil Cd and Zn concentrations ranged from 0.63 to 30.4 mg kg-1 and 14.4 to 594 mg kg-1, respectively. Cd and Zn concentrations were higher in the upper- and lower-paddy soil (5.93 to 30.4 mg kg-1 for Cd and 286 to 594 mg kg-1 for Zn). These soils are considered as polluted. Cd in the polluted soil was dominantly associated with the buffer-exchangeable and carbonate-bound (40 to 70 % of total Cd), while in non-polluted soils; the residual fraction was dominant (50 to 80 % of the total Cd). The major proportion of Zn (37 to 46 % of total Zn) in the non-polluted soil and the upper-paddy soil occurred in the residual fraction. On the other hand, the major proportion of total Zn in the lower-paddy soil was associated with FeMn oxides (36 % of total Zn). The results show that mobility and potential bioavailability of Cd and Zn (61 and 25 %) in polluted soil were higher than in non-polluted soils (15 and 19 % in Cd and Zn, respectively). Metal distribution in different chemical fractions in these soils depended on the respective total metal concentrations.
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