Physicochemical and Microbial Analysis of Tap Water, Well Water and Sachet Water from Parts of Abeokuta South Local Government Area in Nigeria

Abstract

Water samples were collected from taps, wells and in sachets (table water) from various locations in Abeokuta South Local Government Area. The samples were subjected to physicochemical analyses in order to determine the suitability of the waters for drinking purposes. pH, temperature and conductivity were determined using Hana Combo (HI 98129). Evaporation method was used for total solids determination while titration was employed for alkalinity. Trace metals were subjected to Atomic Absorption Spectrometry (AAS) while Multiple Tubed Fermentation Technique was used for the microbial examination of the water samples obtained. From the results obtained, Fe (mg L^-1) values obtained ranged from 0.25-0.61 for tap water, 0.01-0.635 for well water and 0.09-0.35 for sachet water. Cu values obtained were lower than the WHO limit of 2.00 mg L^-1. All lead values for tap and well water were higher than the WHO 2008 standard of 0.001mg L^-1. Coliform was detected in well water samples from Elega, Adatan, Ake, Sapon, Ikereku and Kuto. Water samples for tap and sachet waters were free from coliform bacteria. From the results obtained, Sachet water is most suitable for drinking since coliform bacteria were not detected and the values obtained from the physicochemical analyses were lower than the WHO standards. Tap water should be well treated before distribution for public supply while well water should not be used for drinking purposes.