Synthesis of 5-hydroxymethylfurfural from Glucose using Dendritic Mesoporous Silica Catalyst
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Abstract
This research focuses on the development of dendritic mesoporous silica nanoparticles (DMSNs) as catalysts to enhance the efficiency of 5-HMF synthesis from glucose. The study investigates surface modification of DMSNs through hydrochloric acid treatment and its combination with chromium (III) chloride hexahydrate (CrCl3·6H2O) and phosphotungstic acid (PTA) grafting is also performed to increase acidity and improve catalytic performance. The experiments were conducted under a hydrothermal system, controlling temperatures of 140°C, 160°C and 180°C. The results indicated that increasing the temperature led to a rise inside products such as Formic Acid (FA) and Levulinic Acid (LA), which reduced reaction efficiency. Additionally, using CrCl3·6H2O as a co-catalyst and adjusting the Glucose: Cr3+ ratio of 1:0.1 at 160°C yielded the highest percentage of 5-HMF at 13.1%. The findings emphasize that surface modification of DMSNs and precise reaction condition control play crucial roles in optimizing 5-HMF synthesis. Further studies could focus on catalyst design to minimize side product formation and enhance reaction selectivity, ensuring a more stable and sustainable synthesis process.
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