Preparation of Potassium Supported on Al-SBA-15 For Transesterification of Palm Oil
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
There are several studies on transesterification using heterogeneous catalysts consisting of potassium on porous materials. However, the effect of the support pore size is still not cleared. This work focuses on the application of mesoporous material, Al-SBA-15 as support for potassium. From hydrothermal synthesis, the phase of Al-SBA-15 was confirmed by X-ray diffraction (XRD) and mesoporous morphology was observed by transmission electron microscopy (TEM). However, the mesoporous structure of Al-SBA-15 collapsed after impregnation with potassium acetate buffer and calcination. In the transesterification of palm oil, K/Al-SBA-15 was an active catalyst, providing the biodiesel yield of about 40% according to the product separation by thin layer chromatography (TLC). With the collapse of Al-SBA-15, the role of the support pore size was not yet clearly identified.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Alothman, Z. A. (2012). A Review: Fundamental Aspects of Silicate Mesoporous Materials. Materials 5(12): 2874-2902.
Artkla, S., Grisdanurak, N., Neramittagapong, S. and Wittayakun, J. (2008). Characterization and catalytic performance on transesterification of palm olein of potassium oxide supported on rh-mcm-41 from rice husk silica. Suranaree Journal of Science and Technology 15(2): 133-138.
Baerlocher, Ch. and McCusker, L. B. (2007). Framework type FAU. Retrieved from https://asia.iza-structure.org/IZA-SC/framework.php?STC=FAU
Harrison, K. (2007) Triglyceride (Molecule of the Month for March 2007). Retrieved from http://www.3dchem.com/Triglyceride.asp
Haynes, W. M., Lide, R. D. and Bruno, J. T. (2015). CRC Handbook of Chemistry and Physics: A Ready Reference Book of Chemical and Physics Data, 96th Edition. Boca Raton, Florida: CRC Press.
Jiménez-Morales, I., Santamaría-González, J., Maireles-Torres, P. and Jiménez-López, A. (2011). Aluminum doped SBA-15 silica as acid catalyst for the methanolysis of sunflower oil. Applied Catalysis B: Environmental 105(1–2): 199-205.
Kocík, J., Samikannu, A., Bourajoini, H., Pham, T. N., Mikkola, J.-P., Hájek, M. and Čapek, L. (2017).Screening of active solid catalysts for esterification of tall oil fatty acids with methanol. Journal of Cleaner Production 155(Part 1): 34-38.
Li, Q., Wu, Z., Tu, B., Park, S. S., Ha, C. S. and Zhao, D. (2010). Highly hydrothermal stability of ordered mesoporous aluminosilicates Al-SBA-15 with high Si/Al ratio. Microporous and Mesoporous Materials 135(1–3): 95-104.
Li, Y., Zhang, W., Zhang, L., Yang, Q., Wei, Z., Feng, Z. and Li, C. (2004). Direct Synthesis of Al−SBA-15 Mesoporous Materials via Hydrolysis-Controlled Approach. The Journal of Physical Chemistry B 108(28): 9739-9744.
Liang, C., Wei, M. C., Tseng, H. H. and Shu, E. C. (2013).Synthesis and characterization of the acidic properties and pore texture of Al-SBA-15 supports for the canola oil transesterification. Chemical Engineering Journal 223: 785-794.
Liu, X. Y., Sun, L. B., Lu, F., Li, T. T. and Liu, X. Q. (2013). Constructing mesoporous solid superbases by a dualcoating strategy. ournal of Materials Chemistry A 1(5): 1623-1631.
Manadee, S., Sophiphun, O., Osakoo, N., Supamathanon, N., Kidkhunthod, P., Chanlek, N., Wittayakun, J. and Prayoonpokarach, S. (2017). Identification of potassium phase in catalysts supported on zeolite NaX and performance in transesterification of Jatropha seed oil. Fuel Processing Technology 156: 62-67.
Manaf, I. S. A., Embong, N. H., Khazaai, S. N. M., Rahim, M. H. A., Yusoff, M. M., Lee, K. T. and Maniam, G. P. (2019). A review for key challenges of the development of biodiesel industry. Energy Conversion and Management 185: 508-517.
Mansir, N., Taufiq-Yap, Y. H., Rashid, U. and Lokman, I. M. (2017). Investigation of heterogeneous solid acid catalyst performance on low grade feedstocks for biodiesel production: A review. Energy Conversion and Management 141: 171-182.
Rakmae, S., Keawkumay, C., Osakoo, N., Montalbo, K. D., de Leon, R. L., Kidkhunthod, P., Chanlek, N., Roessner, F., Prayoonpokarach, S. and Wittayakun, J. (2016). Realization of active species in potassium catalysts on zeolite NaY prepared by ultrasound-assisted impregnation with acetate buffer and improved performance in transesterification of palm oil. Fuel 184: 512–517.
Sharma, Y. C., Singh, B. and Korstad, J. (2011). Latest Developments on Application of Heterogenous Basic Catalysts for an Efficient and Eco-Friendly Synthesis of Biodiesel: A Review. Fuel 90: 1309-1324.
Sun, L. B., Kou, J. H., Chun, Y., Yang, J., Gu, F. N., Wang, Y., Zhu, J. H. and Zou, Z. G. (2008). New Attempt at Directly Generating Superbasicity on Mesoporous Silica SBA-15. Inorganic Chemistry 47(10): 4199-4208.
Supamathanon, N. (2011). Transesterification of Jatropha seed oil using potassium supported on MCM-41 as heterogeneous catalysts. Biodiesel production via transesterification of Jatropha seed oil using potassium supported on NaY zeolite and MCM-41 as catalysts (Ph.D. Dissertation). Suranaree University of Technology, Nakhon Ratchasima, Thailand chapter 5 pp 81-102.
Supamathanon, N., Wittayakun, J. and Prayoonpokarach, S. (2011). Properties of Jatropha seed oil from Northeastern Thailand and its transesterification catalyzed by potassium supported on NaY zeolite. Journal of Industrial and Engineering Chemistry 17(2): 182-185.
Zhao, D., Feng, J., Huo, Q., Melosh, N., Fredrickson, G. H., Chmelka, B. F. and Stucky, G. D. (1998). Triblock Copolymer Syntheses of Mesoporous Silica with Periodic 50 to 300 Angstrom Pores. Science 279: 548-552.