Application of Geographic Information System for Mapping Population Exposure to Flood Hazards in Thailand
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Abstract
The assessment of population exposure to flood hazards in urban riverine areas is crucial to flood risk response and mitigation in Thailand. This study employed a free, open-source QGIS associated with various spatial datasets e.g. administrative boundaries, census data, built-up areas, and flood hazard. The objective was to estimate the population's exposure to flood hazards in Thailand. The analysis focused at the provincial level and estimated the population's exposure to a 25-year flood event. The findings revealed that the percentage of the Thai population exposed to riverine flood hazards ranged from zero to 99.86% and was categorized into five severity levels. Approximately 18.10 million Thai people (25.83%) dwell along rivers that are highly vulnerable to riverine floods. Nakhon Pathom province was the first highest risk of its population being exposed to riverine floods specifically nearby the Tha Cheen River. Concurrently, there were 8 provinces namely; 1) Nonthaburi, 2) Sing Buri, 3) Phra Nakhon Si Ayutthaya, 4) Samut Songkhram, 5) Ang Thong, 6) Pathum Thani, 7) Bangkok and 8) Samut Sakhon were determined as having the highest vulnerabilities to riverine floods, while Phangnga, Krabi and Phuket showed the lowest vulnerabilities. The findings of this study provide valuable insights for policymakers to facilitate preparedness and improve effective strategies to mitigate the flood hazards.
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