Development of Bio-foam from Banana Sheath and Cassava Starch (81 cultivar) with Natural Wax as Coating Agent for Food Packaging
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
This research aimed to develop bio-foam from banana sheath and cassava starch (81 cultivar) with natural waxes as coating agents for food packaging. This research proposed to produce food containers from banana sheath by using cassava starch (81 cultivar) as a binder. The bio-foam was prepared by dissolving the cassava starch (81 cultivar) in water with the concentration of 10 % (w/v) at 95 oC for 20 min and mixed with 350 g banana sheath. The bio-foam was formed in a mold by a hot compression process at 100 oC for 30 seconds. The bio-foam container was removed from the mold and coated with three types of natural wax , namely bee wax, soy wax, and coconut oil wax, in which the variation on wax content (5, 10 and 15 g) was also studied. The physical and mechanical properties; water absorption, moisture absorption, oil resistance, compression test, puncture strength, morphology analysis and the degradation of the bio-foam were evaluated. The results showed that the appropriate wax type and content for coating the bio-form was 15 g of bee wax. The water absorption and moisture absorption decreased while the oil resistance, compression test and puncture strength increased compared with the control sample. Morphological analysis of the bio-foam coated with bee wax showed a smoother surface than the one without the coating. The degradation study of the bio-foam samples buried under the ground showed 20 - 52 % degradation in three months. Bio-foam containers from banana sheath and cassava starch (81 cultivar) coated with natural waxes was biodegradable which can help reduce the amount of waste and can be used as foam trays, souvenir packaging and foam coasters.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Cabanillas, A., Julio, Nun˜ez J., Cruz-Tirado, J. P., Vejarano, R., Tapia-Bla´cido, D. R., Arteaga, H., and Siche, R. (2019). Pineapple Shell Fiber as Reinforcement in Cassava Starch Foam Trays. Polymers and Polymer Composites. Vol. 27, No. 8, pp. 1-11. DOI:
1177/0967391119848187
Machado, C. M., Benelli, P., and Tessaro, I. C. (2020). Study of Interactions Between Cassava Starch and Peanut Skin on Biodegradable Foams. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. Vol. 147, pp. 1343-1353. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2019.10.098
Hendrawati, N., Wibowo, A. A., Chrisnandari, R. D., and Adawiyah, R. (2021). Biodegradable Foam Tray based on Sago Starch with Beeswax as Coating Agent. IOP Conference Series: Materials Science and Engineering. Vol. 1073, pp. 1-7. DOI:
1088/1757-899X/1073/1/012006
Bergel, B. F., da Luz, L. M., and Santana, R. M. C. (2017). Comparative Study of the Influence of Chitosan as Coating of Thermoplastic Starch Foam from Potato, Cassava and Corn Starch. Progress in Organic Coatings. Vol. 106, pp. 27-32. DOI: 10.1016/j.porgcoat.2017.02.010
Carr, L. G., Parra, D. F., Ponce, P., Lugao, A. B., and Buchler, P. M. (2006). Influence of Fibers on the Mechanical Properties of Cassava Starch Foams. Journal of Environmental Polymer Degradation. Vol. 14, pp. 179-183. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-006-0008-5
Mathias, J.-D., Tessier-Doyen, N., and Michaud, P. (2011). Development of a Chitosan-Based Biofoam: Application to the Processing of a Porous Ceramic Material. International Journal of Molecular Sciences. Vol. 12, Issue 2, pp. 1175-1186
Kaisangsri, N., Kerdchoechuen, O., and Laohakunjit, N. (2014). Characterization of Cassava Starch based Foam Blended with Plant Proteins, Kraft Fiber, and Palm Oil. Carbohydrate Polymers. Vol. 110, pp. 70-77. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2014.03.067
Kaisangsri, N., Kerdchoechuen, O., and Laohakunjit, N. (2012). Biodegradable Foam Tray from Cassava Starch Blended with Natural Fiber and Chitosan. Industrial Crops and Products. Vol. 37, pp. 542-546. DOI: 10.1016/j.indcrop.2011.07.034
Ana Elisa, S., Vercelheze, A. E. S., Oliveira, A. L. M., Rezende, M. I., Muller, C. M. O., Yamashita, F., and Mali, S. (2013). Physical Properties, Photo- and Bio-degradation of Baked Foams Based on Cassava Starch, Sugarcane Bagasse Fibers and Montmorillonite. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. Vol. 21, pp. 266-274
Chaireh, S., Ngasatool, P., and Kaewtatip, K. (2020). Novel Composite Foam Made from Starch and Water Hyacinth with Beeswax Coating for Food Packaging Applications. International Journal of Biological Macromolecules. Vol. 165, Part A, pp. 1382-1391. DOI: 10.1016/j.ijbiomac.2020.10.007
Ritthison, S., Rattanaruednusorn, S., and Lunprom, S. (2012). Biopulping from Banana Seudostem of Num-Wa by Trichodermaviride. KKU Science Journal. Vol. 40, No. 3, pp. 899-912 (in Thai)
Mukhopadhyay, S., Fangueiro, R., Arpac, Y., and Sentrrk, R. (2008). Banana Fibers-Variability and Fracture Behaviour. Journal of Engineering Fibers and Fabrics. Vol. 3, Issue 2, pp. 39-45
Ninlanon, W., Puttame, K., Sawasdikarn, J., Muisee, K., and Srikalong, P. (2021). Development of Packaging from Durian Rind Fibers using Bleached and Unbleached Fibers. Journal of Science and Technology Mahasarakham University. Vol. 40, No. 6, pp. 422-429 (in Thai)
Monedero, F. M., Fabra, M. J., Talens, P., and Chiralt. A. (2009). Effect of Oleic Acid-beeswax Mixtures on Mechanical, Optical and Water Barrier Properties of Soy Protein Isolate Based Films. Journal of Food Engineering. Vol. 91, pp. 509-515. DOI:
1016/j.jfoodeng.2008.09.034
Qiu, T. Y., Lei, Z., Qiang, G. W., and Meng, G. (2012). Investigation of the Effects of Wax Additive on the Properties of Asphalt Binder. Construction and Building Materials. Vol. 36, pp. 578-584. DOI: 10.1016/j.conbuildmat.2012.06.024
Reis, M. O., Olivato, J. B., Bilck, A. P., Zanela, J., Grossmann, M. V. E., and Yamashita, F. (2018). Biodegradable Trays of Thermoplastic Starch/Poly (Lactic Acid) Coated with Beeswax. Industrial Crops and Products. Vol. 112, pp. 481-487. DOI: 10.1016/
j.indcrop.2017.12.045
Theamdee, P., and Pansaeng, N. (2019). The Effect of Glycerol on the Properties of Biodegradable Cassava Starch (Saai Dieow Cultivar) Film for Plastic Plant Bag Application. Naresuan University Journal Science and Technology. Vol. 27, No. 4,
pp. 27-38. DOI: 10.14456/nujst.2019.34
Luepong, K., Sasithorn, N., and Manarungwit, K. (2016). Kraft Paper Preparation from Water Hyacinth, Pineapple Leaves and Leaf Sheath of Banana Tree. RMUTP Research Journal. Vol. 11, No. 1, pp. 15-22 (in Thai)
Spada, J. C., Seibert, S. F., and Tessaro, I. C. (2021). Impact of PLA Poly (Lactic Acid) and PBAT Poly (butyleneadipate-co-terephthalate) Coating on the Properties of Composites with High Content of Rice Husk. Journal of Polymers and the Environment. Vol. 29, pp. 1324-1331. DOI: 10.1007/s10924-020-01957-8
Bergel, B. F., Dias Osorio, S., da Luz, L. M., and Santana, R. M. C. (2018). Effects of Hydrophobized Starches on Thermoplastic Starch Foams Made from Potato Starch. Carbohydrate Polymers. Vol. 200, pp. 106-114. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2018.07.047
Sanguansook, P. (2009). Development of Molded-Pulp Pot Packaging from Palm Oil Sludge and Activated Sludge Cake for Plant Seedings. Master of Science. Packaging Technology, Department of Packaging Technology, Dissertation University of Kasetsart University
Pervaiz, M., Oakley, P., and Sain, M. (2014). Development of Novel Wax-enabled Thermoplastic Starch Blends and Their Morphological, Thermal and Environmental Properties. International Journal of Composite Materials. Vol. 4, No. 5, pp. 204-212.
DOI: 10.5923/j.cmaterials.20140405.02
Sirilert, T. and Kitthaisong, W. (2011). Development of Chitosan Film Laminated with Paper material for Food Packaging forming. Journal of Food Technology, Siam University. Vol. 6, No. 1, pp. 55-63
Combrzyński, M., Wójtowicz, A., Mitrus, M., Oniszczuk, T., Matwijczuk, A., Pawelczyk, P., and Mościcki, L. (2019). Effect of Starch Type and Screw Speed on Mechanical Properties of Extrusion-cooked Starch-based Foams. International Agrophysics. Vol. 33, pp. 233-240. DOI: 10.31545/INTAGR/109517
Schmidt, V. C. R. and Laurindo, J. B. (2010). Characterization of Foams Obtained from Cassava Starch, Cellulose Fibres and Dolomitic Limestone by a Thermopressing Process. Brazilian Archives of Biology and Technology. Vol. 53, No. 1, pp. 185-192
Theamdee, P. and Sooksamran, K. (2020). Development of a Biodegradable Film from Jicama Starch (Pachyrhizus erosus (L.) Urbar) for Plant Bag Application. RMUTP Research Journal Science & Technology. Vol. 14, No. 1, pp. 1-14 (in Thai)
Denthet, S. and Na-Ayutthaya, S. (2014). An Analysis of the Efficiency of Development Package Food from the Rice Straw for Enhances Economical Cost. The Journal of Applied Science. Vol. 13, No. 1, pp. 14-29 (in Thai)
Nguyen, D. M., Do, T. V. V., Grillet, A. C., Thuc, H. H., and Thuc, C. N. H. (2016). Biodegradability of Polymer Film based on Low Density Polyethylene and Cassava Starch. International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation. Vol. 115, pp. 257-265. DOI:
1016/j.ibiod.2016.09.004
Yang, L. and Paulson, A. T. (2000). Effects of Lipids on Mechanical and Moisture Barrier Properties of Edible Gelatin Film. Food Research International. Vol. 33, pp. 571-578. DOI: 10.1016/S0963-9969(00)00093-4
Sothornvit, R. (2009). Effect of Hydroxypropyl Methylcellulose and Lipid on Mechanical Properties and Water Vapor Permeability of Coated Paper. Food Research International. Vol. 42, pp. 307-311 (in Thai)
Polat, S., Uslu, M.-K., Aygün, A., and Certel, M. (2013). The Effects of the Addition of Corn Husk Fibre, Kaolin and Beeswax on Cross-Linked Corn Starch Foam. Journal of Food Engineering. Vol. 116, Issue 2, pp. 267-276. DOI: 10.1016/j.jfoodeng.2012.12.017
Zhang, W., Xiao, H., and Qian, L. (2014). Enhanced Water Vapor Barrier and Grease Resistance of Paper Bilayer-Coated with Chitosan and Beeswax. Carbohydrate Polymers. Vol. 101, pp. 401-406. DOI: 10.1016/j.carbpol.2013.09.097
Vadivambal, R. and Jayas, D. S. (2008). Non-uniform Temperature Distribution During Microwave Heating of Food Materials-A Review. Food and Bioprocess Technology. Vol. 3, No. 2, pp. 161-171. DOI: 10.1007/s11947-008-0136-0
Ketkaew, S., Kasemsiri, P., Hiziroglu, S., Mongkolthanaruk, W., Wannasutta, R., Pongsa, U., and Chindaprasirt, P. (2017). Effect of Oregano Essential Oil Content on Properties of Green Biocomposites based on Cassava Starch and Sugarcane Bagasse for Bioactive Packaging. Journal Polymer Environment. Vol. 26, pp. 311-318