Comparative Degradation Efficiency of Methylene Blue Using Zinc Oxide, Hydroxyapatite, and ZnO/Hydroxyapatite Photocatalysts
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Abstract
This research investigated the synthesis of hydroxyapatite from Lates calcarifer bone biomass. Additionally, zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide supported on hydroxyapatite (15% wt) were synthesized using the sol-gel method, with cassava starch serving as a stabilizer. X-ray diffraction, Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy, and scanning electron microscopy equipped with energy-dispersive X-ray microscopy were employed to characterize the morphology and chemical composition of the synthesized hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and zinc oxide supported on hydroxyapatite samples. The hydroxyapatite crystal had a hexagonal morphology, incorporating hydroxyl and phosphate functional groups, with a calcium-to-phosphorus molar ratio of 1.64. The photocatalytic process using UV-C light (4 Watt) was conducted to investigate the methylene blue degradation efficiencies of hydroxyapatite, zinc oxide nanoparticles, and zinc oxide supported on hydroxyapatite. The results showed that after 180 minutes of photocatalysis, hydroxyapatite demonstrated greater degradation efficiency of methylene blue compared to zinc oxide nanoparticles and zinc oxide supported on hydroxyapatite. At concentrations of 5 and 20 ppm, the degradation of methylene blue by hydroxyapatite was 43.74 ± 0.13% and 44.13 ± 0.59%, respectively.
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