Comparative Analysis of Total Heavy Metal Removal in Influent and Effluent of the Oxidation Pond System at Ayutthaya Municipal Landfill
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Abstract
The study analyzed and compared total heavy metal contamination (THMs)—arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd), chromium (Cr), copper (Cu), iron (Fe), manganese (Mn), nickel (Ni), lead (Pb), and zinc (Zn)—in influent and effluent during dry and wet seasons. THMs analysis utilized acid digestion, with determinations conducted according to USEPA methods 3005A and 6010D. Results indicated that THMs levels were below USEPA and Thai wastewater discharge standards in both seasons. The metals with the highest treatment efficiencies were As (dry season: Inf=0.07 ppm, Eff=BDL; wet season: Inf=0.065 ppm, Eff=BDL), Cd (dry season: Inf=0.005 ppm, Eff=BDL; wet season: Inf=0.005 ppm, Eff=BDL), and Cr (dry season: Inf=0.065 ppm, Eff=BDL; wet season: Inf=0.01 ppm, Eff=BDL), achieving 100% removal efficiency. In contrast, Ni showed the lowest efficiency, with removal rates of 28% (dry season: Inf=0.125 ppm, Eff=0.09 ppm) and 58.27% (wet season: Inf=0.115 ppm, Eff=0.055 ppm). Statistical analysis revealed significant differences (P<0.05) in contamination levels between influent and effluent, particularly for Cr, Mn, and Ni during the dry season, and Cr, Mn, Ni, and Pb during the wet season. Additionally, most influent metals, except Cu and Fe, showed significant statistical correlations (P<0.05). The findings highlight areas for improving heavy metal treatment in leachate and monitoring surrounding environmental conditions.
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