A Review on Current Design of Pile Foundations in Bangkok
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Published:
Jun 26, 2019
Keywords:
Pile foundations Bangkok Soil exploration Design parameters
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Abstract
This paper presents a process of pile foundation design since the planning of soil exploration, consideration of design parameter and related laws or regulations. The questionnaire was used to interview the target group. And pointed out the issues to be aware of the context and conditions of the study area. The study concluded that. The wash boring method is mostly used for drilling exploration and field testing using SPT. The parameters of shear strength design transformed by using N-value. Consideration of settlement is based on the principle of piling on hard clay. For laws or regulations related to the design are the Building Control Act, Ministerial regulation no. 6 are mainly considered and Thailand Engineering Standard. Contextual analysis of this area found that an issue was Bangkok Clay is very low shear strength, highly water content, highly compressibility and sensitive. Therefore, in the soil exploration, the designer should define the required design parameters and thoroughly examine the results of the drilling. The current practice of pile foundation design in this area, there are still a number of issues that are important information. For consideration to find the correct and appropriate guidelines for standard pile foundation engineering will continue to occur in Thailand
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Thongchart, S., Thongchart, S., & Ruennusarn, P. (2019). A Review on Current Design of Pile Foundations in Bangkok. Naresuan University Engineering Journal, 14(1), 11–28. Retrieved from https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/nuej/article/view/89799
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Research Paper
References
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[9] Boonyatee, T., Tongjarukae, J., Uaworakunchai, T. and Ukritchon, B. (2015). A Review on Design of Pile Foundations in Bangkok, Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS and AGSSEA, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp.76 – 85.
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[20] Clayton, C. R. I. (1990). SPT Energy Transmission: Theory, Measurement, and Significance: Ground Engineering, Vol.23, No.10, pp. 35-43.
[21] Simons, N., Menzies B., and Matthews, M. (2002). A Short Course in Geotechnical Site Investigation, Thomas Telford.
[22] Bjerrum, L. (1972). Embankments on soft ground, proceedings, ASCE specialty Conference on performance on earth and earth supported structures, Purdue University, Lafayette, vol. II, pp. 1-54.
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[31] Sambhandraksa, S. and Thanudklueng, C. (1990). Modulus and Strength of Bangkok Sand Related to SPT Correlation. Proceedings of the 10th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Bangkok, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 457 – 462.
[32] Teixeira, A. H., Godoy, N. S. (1996). Analysis, design and execution of shallow foundations. In. HACHICH et al. (eds). Foundations: theory and practice. Sao Paulo: Pini, pp. 227-264.
[33] Skempton, A.W. (1951). The Bearing Capacity of Clays. Proc. Building Research Congress, 180-189.
[34] Skempton, A. W. (1959). Cast-in-situ bored piles in London Clay. Geotechnique, vol. 9, No.4, pp. 153-173
[35] Sower, G. F., Martin, C. B. & Wilson, L. L. (1961). The bearing capacity of friction pile groups in homogeneous clay from model studies. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. 2, 155,
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[37] Bowles, J.E. (1996). Foundation Analysis and Design 5th Edition. McGraw Hill, Singapore.
[38] Holmberg, S. (1970). Load testing of driven piles in Bangkok clay. Journal of South East Asian Society of Soil Engineering, Vol. 1, No.2, pp. 61-78.
[39] Tomlinson, M. J. (1980). Foundation Design and Construction.6th Edition. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, England.
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[41] Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical Soil Mechanics. John Wiley, New York.
[42] Vesic, A. S. (1977). Design of pile foundations. Transportation research board. National research council, Washington.
[43] Poulos, HG. and Davis, EH. (1980). Pile foundation analysis and design, Wiley, New York.
[44] Meyerhof, G.G. and Adams, J. I. (1968). The Ultimate Uplift Capacity of Foundations, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.5, No.4.
[45] Bhushan, K. (1982). Discussion: New Design Correlations for Piles in Sands. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE GT, 1508-1510.
[46] The Engineering Institute of Thailand. (1978). Bearing Capacity of pile. (in Thai).
[47] Coyle, H.M. and Castello, R.R. (1981). New design correlations for piles in sand. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 197(GT7), 965-985.
[48] Ladd, C.C., and Foott, R. (1974). New design procedure for stability of soft clays. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 100, No. 7, pp.763 – 786.
[49] Sambhandharaksa, S. and Taesiri, Y. (1987). Development of Theory and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering. Theme Lecture No.1, 8th ARC on SMFE, Kyoto, Vol.2.
[50] Bergado, D.T., Balasubramaniam, A., Fanni, R.J., and Holtz, R.D. (2002). Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in soft Bangkok clay: a case study of the new Bangkok International Airport project. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.39, No.2, pp. 304 – 315.
[51] Balasubramaniam, A., Oh, E. Y.-N. and Phienwej, N. (2009). Bored and driven pile testing in Bangkok sub-soil. Journal of Lowland Technology International. Vol.11, No.1, pp. 29 – 36.
[52] Materials Research and Testing Division. (2016). A Knowledge of Soil Explorations. Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, Thailand. (in Thai).
[53] Kuvichitjarus, S. (2001). Soil Investigation: Boring, Sampling and Field Tests. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. 247.
[54] STS Group. (2016). STS Handbook A Guide for Testing Surveying Investigating and Monitoring for Civil Engineering and Environment Works. Bangkok: STS Engineering Consultants. 256p. (in Thai).
[55] U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation. (1998). Earth Manual Part 1. The 3rd, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C
[2] Amornfa, K., Phienwej, N. and Kitpayuck, P. (2012). Current practice on foundation design of high-rise buildings in Bangkok, Thailand. Lowland Technology International, Vol. 14, No.2, pp.70 – 83.
[3] Promboon, S. and Jitjurjun, C. (2003). Format of Foundation Failures in Thailand, Academic Article, Inter Consult Co.,Ltd. (in Thai).
[4] Ng, K.C. (1983). The construction problems and performance of large bored piles in second sand layer, Master thesis, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok.
[5] Sambhandharaksa, S. (1989). Recent Piling Practice in Bangkok Plain, Proceedings of the Seminar Engineering for Coastal Development, Bangkok, Vol. 4, pp. 5 – 105 to 5 – 118.
[6] Pimpasugdi, S. (1989). Performance of bored, driven and auger press piles in Bangkok subsoil, Master thesis, Asian Institute of Technology, Bangkok.
[7] Submaneewong, C. (1999). Behavior of instrumental barrette and bored piled in Bangkok subsoils, Master Thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
[8] Boonyarak, T. (2002). Behavior of polymer slurry for wet-process bored pile construction in Bangkok subsoils, Master thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
[9] Boonyatee, T., Tongjarukae, J., Uaworakunchai, T. and Ukritchon, B. (2015). A Review on Design of Pile Foundations in Bangkok, Geotechnical Engineering Journal of the SEAGS and AGSSEA, Vol. 46, No. 1, pp.76 – 85.
[10] Yamane, Taro. (1967). Statistics, An Introductory Analysis. 2nd Ed. New York: Harper and Row.
[11] Gibbs, H. J., and Holtz, W. G. (1957). Research on determining the density of sands by spoon penetration testing. Proceedings of the 4th International Conference on Soil Mechanics and Foundation Engineering, London, Vol. 1, pp. 35-39.
[12] Bazaraa, R. S. (1967). Use of the standard penetration test for estimating settlements of shallow foundations on sand. Ph.D. thesis, University of Illinois, Urbana, Urbana, IL.
[13] Tomlinson, M. J. (1969). Foundation design and construction. 2nd ed. Pitman, London, England
[14] Peck, R. B., Hanson, W. E., and Thornburn, T. H. (1974). Foundation Engineering. 2nd ed. John Wiley, New York. 514 p.
[15] Seed, H.B., Arango, I., and Chan, C.K. (1975). Evaluation of Soil Liquefaction Potential during Earthquakes, Report No. EERC 75-28. Earthquake Engineering Research Center, University of California, Berkeley.
[16] Riggs, C. O. (1986). North American Standard Penetration Test practice: An essay: in Use of In-situ Tests in Geotechnical Engineering. ASCE Geotechnical Special Publication No. 6.
[17] Skempton, A. W. (1986). Standard Penetration Test Procedures and the Effects in Sands of Overburden Pressure, Relative Density. Particle Size, Aging and Overconsolidation. Geotechnique, v. 36:3, pp. 425-447.
[18] Liao, S. S. C. and Whitman, R. V. (1986). Overburden Correction Factors for SPT in Sand. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, A.S.C.E., v. 112:3, pp. 373-377.
[19] Seed, H.B., Tokimatsu, K., Harder, L.F., and Chung, R.M. (1985). Influence of SPT Procedures in Soil Liquefaction Resistance Evaluation. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering, ASCE, Vol.111, No.12, pp. 1425-1445.
[20] Clayton, C. R. I. (1990). SPT Energy Transmission: Theory, Measurement, and Significance: Ground Engineering, Vol.23, No.10, pp. 35-43.
[21] Simons, N., Menzies B., and Matthews, M. (2002). A Short Course in Geotechnical Site Investigation, Thomas Telford.
[22] Bjerrum, L. (1972). Embankments on soft ground, proceedings, ASCE specialty Conference on performance on earth and earth supported structures, Purdue University, Lafayette, vol. II, pp. 1-54.
[23] Morris, P.M., and Williams, D.T. (1994). Effective Stress Vane Shear Test Correction Factor Correlations, Canadian Geotechnical Journal. Vol.31, No.3, pp. 335- 342.
[24] Das, G., Lacasse, S., Lunne, I., and Hoeg, K. (1986). Use of In Situ Tests for Foundation Design in Clay. Proceedings of In Situ’86, ASCE, pp.1-30.
[25] Terzaghi, K., and Peck, R. B. (1967). Soil Mechanics in Engineering Practice, Second Edition, John Wiley, New York, 729p.
[26] NAVFAC (1986) Soil Mechanics: Design Manual 7.01, Naval Facilities Engineering Command, Alexandria, Virginia.
[27] Stroud, M. A. (1974). The standard penetration test in insensitive clays and soft rock, Proceedings of the 1st European Symposium on Penetration Testing, Sweden: Stockholm, vol. 2, No. 2, pp. 367-375.
[28] Pitupakorn, W. (1983). Prediction of pile carrying capacity from standard penetration test in Bangkok metropolis subsoil, Master thesis, Chulalongkorn University, Bangkok.
[29] Meyerhof, G.G. (1956). Penetration Test and Bearing Capacity of Cohesionless Soils. Journal of the Soil Mechanics and Foundation Division, ASCE, Vol.82, No. SM1, pp. 1-19.
[30] Kulhawy, F.H., and Mayne, P.W. (1990). Manual of Estimating Soil Properties for Foundation Design. Electric Power Research Institute, Palo Alto, USA.
[31] Sambhandraksa, S. and Thanudklueng, C. (1990). Modulus and Strength of Bangkok Sand Related to SPT Correlation. Proceedings of the 10th Southeast Asian Geotechnical Conference, Bangkok, Taipei, Taiwan, pp. 457 – 462.
[32] Teixeira, A. H., Godoy, N. S. (1996). Analysis, design and execution of shallow foundations. In. HACHICH et al. (eds). Foundations: theory and practice. Sao Paulo: Pini, pp. 227-264.
[33] Skempton, A.W. (1951). The Bearing Capacity of Clays. Proc. Building Research Congress, 180-189.
[34] Skempton, A. W. (1959). Cast-in-situ bored piles in London Clay. Geotechnique, vol. 9, No.4, pp. 153-173
[35] Sower, G. F., Martin, C. B. & Wilson, L. L. (1961). The bearing capacity of friction pile groups in homogeneous clay from model studies. Proc. 5th Int. Conf. Soil Mech. 2, 155,
[36] Tomlinson, M. J. (1995). Pile Design and Construction Practice. 4th edition, Chapman & Hall.
[37] Bowles, J.E. (1996). Foundation Analysis and Design 5th Edition. McGraw Hill, Singapore.
[38] Holmberg, S. (1970). Load testing of driven piles in Bangkok clay. Journal of South East Asian Society of Soil Engineering, Vol. 1, No.2, pp. 61-78.
[39] Tomlinson, M. J. (1980). Foundation Design and Construction.6th Edition. Longman Scientific & Technical, Essex, England.
[40] Das, B.M. (1995). Principles of foundation engineering. 3rd Edition. PSW publishing Company.
[41] Terzaghi, K. (1943). Theoretical Soil Mechanics. John Wiley, New York.
[42] Vesic, A. S. (1977). Design of pile foundations. Transportation research board. National research council, Washington.
[43] Poulos, HG. and Davis, EH. (1980). Pile foundation analysis and design, Wiley, New York.
[44] Meyerhof, G.G. and Adams, J. I. (1968). The Ultimate Uplift Capacity of Foundations, Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.5, No.4.
[45] Bhushan, K. (1982). Discussion: New Design Correlations for Piles in Sands. Journal of Geotechnical Engineering Division, ASCE GT, 1508-1510.
[46] The Engineering Institute of Thailand. (1978). Bearing Capacity of pile. (in Thai).
[47] Coyle, H.M. and Castello, R.R. (1981). New design correlations for piles in sand. ASCE Journal of Geotechnical Engineering. 197(GT7), 965-985.
[48] Ladd, C.C., and Foott, R. (1974). New design procedure for stability of soft clays. Journal of the Geotechnical Engineering Division, Vol. 100, No. 7, pp.763 – 786.
[49] Sambhandharaksa, S. and Taesiri, Y. (1987). Development of Theory and Practice in Geotechnical Engineering. Theme Lecture No.1, 8th ARC on SMFE, Kyoto, Vol.2.
[50] Bergado, D.T., Balasubramaniam, A., Fanni, R.J., and Holtz, R.D. (2002). Prefabricated vertical drains (PVDs) in soft Bangkok clay: a case study of the new Bangkok International Airport project. Canadian Geotechnical Journal, Vol.39, No.2, pp. 304 – 315.
[51] Balasubramaniam, A., Oh, E. Y.-N. and Phienwej, N. (2009). Bored and driven pile testing in Bangkok sub-soil. Journal of Lowland Technology International. Vol.11, No.1, pp. 29 – 36.
[52] Materials Research and Testing Division. (2016). A Knowledge of Soil Explorations. Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning, Thailand. (in Thai).
[53] Kuvichitjarus, S. (2001). Soil Investigation: Boring, Sampling and Field Tests. Bangkok: Kasetsart University Press. 247.
[54] STS Group. (2016). STS Handbook A Guide for Testing Surveying Investigating and Monitoring for Civil Engineering and Environment Works. Bangkok: STS Engineering Consultants. 256p. (in Thai).
[55] U.S. Department of Interior Bureau of Reclamation. (1998). Earth Manual Part 1. The 3rd, U.S. Government Printing Office, Washington, D.C