การวิจัยและพัฒนาเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์ด้วยโครงสร้างนาโน
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Abstract
โครงสร้างนาโนเป็นโครงสร้างที่ได้รับความสนใจในการนำมาประยุกต์ในสิ่งประดิษฐ์เซลล์แสงอาทิตย์ เนื่องจากโครงสร้างนาโนแสดงปรากฏการณ์ทางกายภาพแบบใหม่ ซึ่งแตกต่างกับเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์แบบดั้งเดิม การทำนายทางทฤษฏีบ่งบอกว่าประสิทธิภาพของเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์ที่ใช้โครงสร้างนาโนสามารถมีค่าเกินข้อจำกัดของ Shockley-Queisser และเกินประสิทธิภาพของเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์หลายรอยต่อ อย่างไรก็ตามในปัจจุบันประสิทธิภาพของเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์โครงสร้างนาโนที่สร้างได้จริงยังคงน้อยกว่าเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์ที่สร้างจากซิลิกอนและแกลเลียมอาร์เซไนด์ในยุคที่ 1 เพราะฉะนั้นการวิจัยและพัฒนาในสาขานี้จึงเป็นสิ่งจำเป็นอย่างมาก บทความปริทัศน์นี้ได้เริ่มต้นอธิบายถึงภาพรวมของวิวัฒนาการของเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์ตั้งแต่อดีตถึงปัจจุบัน ส่วนต่อมาเป็นการอธิบายพร้อมยกตัวอย่างเทคโนโลยีเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์โครงสร้างนาโนรูปแบบต่าง ๆ นอกจากนั้นได้อธิบายถึงปัจจัยที่มีผลต่อการพัฒนาเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์โครงสร้างนาโน โดยเจาะจงไปที่เซลล์แสงอาทิตย์ควอนตัมดอท และส่วนสุดท้ายได้ยกตัวอย่างการวิจัยและพัฒนาโครงสร้างนาโนสำหรับเซลล์แสงอาทิตย์ในประเทศไทย
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