Design and Commissioning of Continuously Stirred Anaerobic Bioreactor for Upcycling Carbon Dioxide (CO2) to Methane (CH4) via Methanogenesis
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Abstract
Carbon capture and storage (CCS) technology, especially geological storage in depleted oil and gas fields, is essential to achieving the goal of carbon net zero by 2050. Some depleted oil and gas fields contain anaerobic microbes, including methanogens that can transform CO2 and hydrogen (H2) to methane (CH4), which can be extracted and used as a fuel. Thus, subsurface microbiological transformation via methanogens may be key to achieving the large-scale utilization of CO2. While this concept is exciting and has great potential to promote a circular economy with regard to CO2 and simultaneously achieve carbon neutrality, extensive research is needed to understand and to maximize methanogen performance. This research preliminary evaluates biogenic gas potential in a neighboring country. Chemical is evaluated. From chemical point of view, the analysis of δ13CCH4 values of the biogenic gas samples from in a neighboring country reveals that the methanogenic pathway is probably dominated by biogenic carbonate reduction. Here, we reveal a design for an automated bioreactor capable of simulating deep subsurface conditions to culture strictly anaerobic methanogens obtained from a gas field in a neighboring country. To simulate deep subsurface conditions, the bioreactor contains a mixture of sediment and anaerobic microbes at an inner pressure of 8 bar and a temperature of 37°C. It has a controlled CO2 and H2 feeding system with real-time monitoring of pH, oxidation reduction potential, conductivity, and the transformation of CO2 and H2 to CH4. Even without any optimization, methanogens in this reactor can transform H2 and CO2 to CH4 at a conversion rate of 0.87 to 77.46% of theoretical yield, confirming the survival of active methanogens. This novel reactor facilitates the experimental study of anaerobic methanogenesis in deep subsurface conditions, which is very technically challenging and, to the best of our knowledge, has not previously been performed in Thailand
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