Low Frequency Planar Wireless Power Transfer with Impedance Matching using L-Section Matching Network for Underwater EVs
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
For the Wireless Power Transfer (WPT) system, the impedance Matching (IM) is the technique in which a wide range of resonant and strong coupling structures have been studied which mostly operate at an ideal parameter, i.e., resistive load and high RF greater than1MHz, however these parameters have some limitations in which the most important is that the high frequency is usually inefficient and complex load. This paper presents an L-section matching network to find the ideal load and source conditions. Thus, under the normal load and source conditions, we estimate the maximum power transfer efficiency and describe how to configure the matching network for the given load and source conditions for low-frequency WPT system. The L-section matching network to connect to a WPT structure using air-core spiral coils. The following configuration of network can operate at a low frequency of 20 kHz. From the calculation the moderate efficiency is 67 % while the efficiency from the experiment is 60 % at 9-cm transfer distance without an ideal parameter. The applications of the proposed work are suitable for underwater electric vehicles. Since the eddy current loss of seawater is critical when the operating frequency is higher than 250 kHz.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
References
Ahn, D. and Hong, S. (2015). Wireless Power Transfer Resonance Coupling Amplification by Load- Modulation Switching Controller. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 62(2), 898 - 909. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2014.2336627
Beh T. C., Kato M., Imura T., Oh S., and Hori Y. (2013).Automated Impedance Matching System for Robust Wireless Power Transfer via Magnetic Resonance Coupling. IEEE Transactions on Industrial Electronics, 60(9), 3689-3698. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIE.2012.2206337
Choi S. Y., Gu B. W., Jeong S. Y., and Rim C. T. (2015). Advances in Wireless Power Transfer Systems for Roadway Powered Electric Vehicles. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., 3(1), 18 - 36.https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2343674
Dou, Y., Zhao, D., Ouyang, Z., and Andersen, M.A.E. (2019). Investigation and Design of Wireless Power Transfer System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle. In Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Applied Power Electronics Conference and Exposition (APEC), 17(2), 3144–3150.
https://doi.org/10.1109/APEC.2019.8721879
Fu M., Zhang T., Zhu X., and Ma C. (2013). A 13.56 MHz wireless power transfer system without impedance matching networks. Proc. WPTC, 222–225. https://doi.org/10.1109/WPT.2013.6556923
Han Y., and Perreault D. J. (2006). Analysis and Design of High Efficiency Matching Networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 21(5),484-1491. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2006.882083
Hui, S. Y. R. Zhong, W. and Lee, C. K. (2014). A Critical Review of Recent Progress in Mid-Range Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(9),4500-4511. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2249670
Jang Y. J., Suh E. S., and Kim J. W. (2016). System Architecture and Mathematical Models of Electric Transit Bus System Utilizing Wireless Power Transfer Technology. IEEE Syst. J., 10(2), 495-506. https://doi.org/10.1109/JSYST.2014.2369485
Jolani, F. Yu, Y. and Chen, Z. (2014). A Planar Magnetically Coupled Resonant Wireless Power Transfer System Using Printed Spiral Coils. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 13, 1648-1651. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2014.2349481
Kim, J., Kim, K., Kim, H., Kim, D., Park, J., and Ahn, S. (2019). An Efficient Modeling for Underwater Wireless Power Transfer Using Z-Parameters. IEEE Trans. Electromagn. Compat, 61, 2006–2014. http://dx.doi.org/10.1109/TEMC.2019.2952320
Kumar Ashish, Sinha Sreyam, Sepahvand Alihossein. And Afridi Khurram K. (2018). Improved Design Optimization for High-Efficiency Matching Networks. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 33(1). https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2017.2670640
Li S., and Mi C. C. (2015). Wireless power transfer for electric vehicle applications. IEEE J. Emerg. Sel. Topics Power Electron., 3(3), 4-17. https://doi.org/10.1109/JESTPE.2014.2319453
Lum Kin Yun, Lindén Maria, and Tan Tian Swee (2015). Impedance Matching Wireless Power Transmission System for Biomedical Device. Stud. Health Technol. Inform., 211,225-32. http://dx.doi.org/10.3233/978-1-61499-516-6-225
Mohan S. S., Hershenson M. D. M., Boyd S. P., and LeeT. H. (1999). Simple Accurate Expressions for Planar Spiral Inductances. IEEE Journal of Solid- State Circuits, 34(10),1419-1424. https://doi.org/10.1109/4.792620
Pozar, D. M. (2012). 4th Editor, Microwave Engineering. New Jersey. John Wiley and Sons, Inc. Raju S. Wu, R. Chan M. and Yue C. P. (2014). Modeling of Mutual Coupling Between Planar Inductors in Wireless Power Applications.IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(1), 481-490. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2253334
Ramrakhyani A.K., Mirabbasi S., and Chiao, M. (2011). Design and Optimization of Resonance-Based Efficient Wireless Power Delivery Systems for Biomedical Implants. IEEE Transactions on Biomedical Circuits and Systems, 5(1), 48-63. https://doi.org/10.1109/tbcas.2010.2072782
Shi, J., Li, D., and Yang, C. (2014). Design and Analysis of an Underwater Inductive Coupling Power Transfer System for Autonomous Underwater Vehicle Docking Applications. J. Zhejiang Univ.Sci. C 15, 51–62. https://doi.org/10.1631/jzus.C1300171
Shinohara, Naoki & Mitani, Tomohiko (2017). Impedance Matching in Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Transactions on Microwave Theory and Techniques, 65(2), 1-9. https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2016.2618921
Syed Agha Hassnain Mohsan, Mushtag Ali Khan, Laraba Selsabil Rokia, Asad Islam, Arfan Mahmood, and Alireza Mazinani (2020). A Review on Research Challenges, Limitations and Practical Solutions for Underwater Wireless Power Transfer. International Journal of Advanced Computer Science and Applications 11(8). https://doi.org/10.14569/IJACSA.2020.0110869
Thomas, E. M. Heebl, J. D. Pfeiffer, C. and Grbic, A. (2012). A Power Link Study of Wireless Non- Radiative Power Transfer Systems Using Resonant Shielded Loops. IEEE Transactions on Circuits and Systems I: Regular Papers, 59(9), 2125-2136. https://doi.org/10.1109/TCSI.2012.2185295
Urano, Mitsuhiro, and Akira Takahashi (2016). Study on underwater wireless power transfer via electric coupling. 2016 IEEE International Meeting for Future of Electron Devices, Kansai (IMFEDK). https://doi.org/10.1109/IMFEDK.2016.7521674
Wang Jiale, Song Baowei, and Wang Yushan (2022). A Method to Reduce Eddy Current Loss of Underwater Wireless Power Transmission by Current Control. Appl. Sci. 2022, 12(5), 2435. https://doi.org/10.3390/app12052435
Yong Huang, Naoki Shinohara, and Tomohiko Mitani (2017). Impedance Matching in Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE TRANSACTIONS ON MICROWAVE THEORY AND TECHNIQUES, 65(2) https://doi.org/10.1109/TMTT.2016.2618921
Yan, Z., Song, B., Zhang, Y., Zhang, K., Mao, Z., and Hu,Y. A. (2019). A Rotation-Free Wireless Power Transfer System with Stable Output Power and Efficiency for Autonomous Underwater Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Power Electron. 2019, 34,4005–4008. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2018.2871316
Zhang, K.-H., Zhu, Z.-B., Song, B.-W.; Xu, D.-M. (2016). A Power Distribution Model of Magnetic Resonance WPT System in Seawater. Proceedings of the 2016 IEEE 2nd Annual Southern Power Electronics Conference (SPEC),1–4. https://doi.org/10.1109/SPEC.2016.7845532
Zhang, K.-H., Zhu, Z.-B., Du, L.-N., and Song, B.-W. (2018). Eddy Loss Analysis and Parameter Optimization of the WPT System in Seawater. J. Power Electron., 18, pp. 778–788.http://dx.doi.org/10.6113/JPE.2018.18.3.778
Zhang, K., Zhang, X., Zhu, Z., Yan, Z., Song, B., and Mi, C.C. (2019). A New Coil Structure to Reduce Eddy Current Loss of WPT Systems for Underwater Vehicles. IEEE Trans. Veh. Technol., 68, 245–253. https://doi.org/10.1109/TVT.2018.2883473
Zhang, Y. Zhao, Z. and Chen, K. (2014). Frequency Decrease Analysis of Resonant Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 29(3), 1058–1063. https://doi.org/10.1109/TPEL.2013.2277783
Zhang, Y. Zhao, Z. and Chen, K. (2014). Frequency Splitting Analysis of Four-Coil Resonant Wireless Power Transfer. IEEE Transactions on Industry Applications, 50(4), 2436-2445. https://doi.org/10.1109/TIA.2013.2295007
Zhang, Y. and Zhao, Z. (2014). Frequency Splitting Analysis of Two-Coil Resonant. IEEE Antennas and Wireless Propagation Letters, 13, 400-402. https://doi.org/10.1109/LAWP.2014.2307924