The Radiation Oncology Department: Design Guidelines, Implementation Challenges, and Lessons Learned in Thai Public Hospitals
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Abstract
The radiation oncology department (ROD) is a specialized healthcare unit utilizing advanced radiation technologies to deliver precise cancer treatment, which demand complex coordination of space, safety, and multidisciplinary workflows. Although several ROD design guidelines exist, they are tailored to developed economies, remain piecemeal, and lack comprehensive feedback from practitioners in other socio-cultural conditions regarding their implementation process, difficulties, and outcomes. This research thus (1) synthesizes ROD design guidelines, (2) investigates the implementation challenges, and (3) collects insights and experiences from healthcare professionals involved in ROD operations. A mixed-method approach is employed, incorporating literature review, construction drawing analysis, site visits, and follow-up interviews. It reveals significant design and operational challenges, e.g., overcrowded waiting areas, limited spatial flexibility, constrained resources, differing workflow patterns, and context-specific user behaviors, complicating the direct application of international guidelines. It then offers tentative design guidance, e.g., zoning strategies aligned with treatment stages, flexible and sufficiently sized spaces, clear circulation routes separating staff and patient flows, spatial depth to support privacy and safety, and functional adjacencies that enhance procedural flow and interdisciplinary collaboration. This research serves as a foundation for context-responsive ROD design in Thailand and other similar settings. Future research should expand the case study pool, apply post-occupancy evaluations, explore patient experiences, and implement codesign models.
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