Sustainable Construction Using Aragonite Sand from Mussel Shell Biowaste: Enhancing Building Material Development
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Abstract
This study investigates the feasibility of using aragonite sand made from Perna viridis mussel shells as a sustainable substitute for natural sand in building materials. Growing demand for natural sand has resulted in serious environmental issues, such as habitat destruction, resource depletion, and elevated greenhouse gas emissions, driven by fast urbanization and infrastructural expansion. The goal of this project is to encourage sustainable building methods, lessen environmental deterioration, and alleviate sand scarcity by turning mussel shell biowaste into aragonite sand.
X-ray diffraction (XRD), X-ray fluorescence (XRF), and scanning electron microscopy (SEM) were among the chemical and microstructural tests used to verify the shells' composition and crystalline structure. The material's mechanical fitness for use in building was demonstrated by these tests, which confirmed a high calcium carbonate (CaCO₃) content and the presence of an aragonite phase. Samples of mortar were made with different percentages of aragonite to natural sand replacement (25%, 50%, 75%, and 100%), and after 7, 14, and 28 days of water curing, their compressive strengths were measured.
A replacement ratio of 25% was found to have the greatest and most stable compressive strength during all curing times, satisfying load-bearing construction requirements. Even if their strength declined, higher replacement ratios might still be used in decorative or non-load-bearing applications.
This study provides a workable answer to waste management and raw material shortages by confirming that aragonite sand can be used as a partial substitute for natural sand. Additionally, by encouraging responsible consumption, environmental preservation, and resilient urban growth, this strategy supports the Sustainable Development Goals (SDGs). The results open the door for creative and sustainable building solutions by converting biowaste into useful building materials that benefit the circular economy.
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