Comparative Analysis of Form and Compass Schools in Feng Shui Architecture
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Abstract
This study examines the relationship between different approaches to Feng Shui architecture, beginning with the origin of Feng Shui architecture in the Zhou and Qin Dynasties and the influence of Confucianism and Daoism. We then compare the Form and Compass Schools of Feng Shui architecture, providing insights into the design principles and spatial form analysis of traditional courtyard houses in Chaoshan and Beijing, China. This study emphasizes the need for a comprehensive understanding of Confucianist and Daoist principles in architectural practices and identifies their design criteria, safety factors, and sustainability aspects. DepthmapX software was used to analyze spaces of social interactions in Beijing courtyard houses, revealing the dynamics of social interactions within the architectural layout. The Compass School, which incorporates bāguà and bāzì, gained prominence in the early Republic of China due to its incorporation of bāzì and more systematic analyses. Both the Chaoshan and Beijing courtyard houses follow Confucianist principles but differ in their execution approaches. The Chaoshan house design aims for a single balanced environment, whereas Beijing houses use multiple layers of balance and incorporate secondary walls and entrances to combat harsh winter climates. The Compass School's use of Yin and Yang, along with the Five Elements, employs energetically aligned spaces that promote well-being and harmony, a concept less emphasized in the Form School.
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