Land-Use, Street Configuration and Pedestrian Volume: The Case of a Historic Town, Mymensingh, Bangladesh
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Published:
Dec 24, 2018
Keywords:
land use street configuration pedestrian movement Mymensingh
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Abstract
This study explores the relative connections among pedestrian movement patterns, land use and street configuration by analyzing the pedestrian volume, existing land use pattern as well as the street configuration in different streets of Mymensingh. Mymensingh is a historic town of Bangladesh which was established by the British Colonists in more than 200 years ago along the river Brahmaputra. The street patterns of Mymensingh is very unique as it was developed by the fusion of the streets made by British Colonists and the narrow streets made by the local inhabitants. By using the method of Space Syntax the configurational values of street segments are compared with the corresponding pedestrian counts. The study result shows that the correlation is very poor within this two factors as commercial land uses affects the pedestrians more.
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Aziz, N. (2018). Land-Use, Street Configuration and Pedestrian Volume: The Case of a Historic Town, Mymensingh, Bangladesh. Nakhara : Journal of Environmental Design and Planning, 15, 137–154. https://doi.org/10.54028/NJ201815137154
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Research Articles
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References
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Aziz, N. (2016). Study of pedestrian movement in relation to spatial configuration and land-use pattern in the context of Mymensingh town (unpublished Master's thesis). Department of Architecture, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2015, November). Population monograph of Bangladesh population density and vulnerability: A challenge for sustainable development of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Ministry of Planning.
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BRAC. (2015). Retreived from https://www.brac.net/images/Mymensingh_ 2016.pdf
Cambra, P., Moura, F., & Goncalves, A. (2017). On The correlation of pedestrian flows to urban environment measures: A space syntax and walkability analysis comparison case. In proceedings from The 11th Space Syntax Symposium, Lisbon.
Carvero, R. (1996). Mixed land- uses and commuting: Evidence from the American housing survey transportation research part A. Policy and Practice 30(5), 61-77.
Carvero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3D’s, density, diversity and design, transportation research part D. Transport and Environment, 2(3) 199-219.
Choi, E. (2013). Understanding Walkability: Dealing with the complexity behind pedestrian behavior. In Proceedings of 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Sejong University, Korea.
Emtenan, A. M. T., & Shahid, S. I. (2017). Pedestrian flow characteristics under heterogeneous traffic conditions. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(5), 282-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20170505.13.
Ewing, R., Haliyur, P., & Page, G. (1994). Getting around a traditional city, a suburban planned unit development, and everything in between. Transportation Research Record, 1466, 53-62.
Ewing, R., Deanna, M., & Li, S. (1996). Land use impacts on trip generation rates. Transportation Research Record, 1518, 1–7.
Frank, L. D., & Pivo, G. (1994). Relationships between land-use and travel behaviour in Puget Sound region, Washington State Transport Centre, University of Washington, DJ-10.
Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Chapman, J. E., Saelens, B. E., & Bachman, W. (2006). Many pathways from land use to health: Associations between neighborhood walkability and active transportation, body mass index, and air quality. Journal of the American Planning Association, 72(1), 75–87.
Greenberg, M. R., & Renne, J. (2005). Where does walkability matter the most? An environmental justice interpretation of New Jersey data. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 82 (1), 90–100.
Hajrasouliha, A. (2015). The impact of street network connectivity on pedestrian volume. Urban Studies, 52(13), 2483–2497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014544763
Handy, S. L., Boarnet, M. G., Ewing, R., & Killingsworth, R. E. (2002). How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning. American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The social logic of space. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., & Graham, H. (1987). Ideas are in things: An application of the Space Syntax method to discovering house genotypes. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 14(4), 363–385.
Hillier, B. & Iida, S. (2005). Network and psychological effects in urban movement. In A. J. Cohn & D. M. Mark (Eds.), Proceedings of Spatial Information Theory: International Conference, COSIT 2005 (pp. 475–490). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewski, T., & Xu, J. (1993). Natural movement: or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20(1), 29–66.
Holtzclaw, J. (1994). Using residential patterns and transit to decrease auto dependence and costs. San Francisco: Natural Resources Defense Council.
Hu, P., & Reuscher, T. (2004). Summary of travel trends, US Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://nhts.ornl.gov/2001/pub/stt.pdf
Kalakou, S., & Moura, F. (2014). Bridging the Gap in planning indoor pedestrian facilities. Transport Reviews, 34(4), 474–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2014. 915441
Klarqvist, B. (1993). A Space Syntax glossary. Nordisk Arkitekturforskning, 2.
Kostakos, V. (2010). Space Syntax and pervasive systems. In B. Jiang & X. Yao (Eds.), Geospatial analysis and modelling of urban structure and dynamics (pp. 31–52). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.
Koohsari, J. M., Andrew, T., Kaczynski, Gavin, R., Mcormack, & Sugiyama, T. (2014). Using Space Syntax to assess the built environment for physical activity: Applications to research on parks and public open spaces. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 36(2), 206-216. doi:10.1080/01490400.2013. 856722
Kubat, A. S., Ertekin, O., Eyuboglu, E., & Ozer, E. (2005). Movement activity and strategic design study for Istanbul’s Historical Galata District. In Proceedings of the 5th International Space Syntax Symposium (pp. 565–579). Delft: Techne Press.
Kubat, A. S., Ozer, O., & Ozbil, A. (2013). Defining a strategical framework for urban pedestrianization projects assessment of walkability in 3 urban squares in Istanbul. In Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
Lindelow, D., Sevensson, A., Sternudd, C. ,& Johanson, M. (2014). What limits the pedestrian? Exploring perceptions of walking in the built environment and in the context of every-day life. Journal of Transport and Health. Retrieved from http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth. 2014.09.002
Liu, X., & Jiang, B. (2012). Defining and generating axial lines from street center lines for better understanding of urban morphologies. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 26, 1–12.
National Center for Safe Routes to School. (2011). How children get to school: school travel patterns from 1969 to 2009. Retrieved from https://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pdf/NHTS_ school_travel_report_2011_0.pdf
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2010). Social capital, human c apital and health: What is the evidence? Re t rie ve d f ro m https://www.oecd.org/innovation/research/45760738.pdf
Özbil, A., Yeşiltepe, D., & Argin, G. (2015, November). Modeling walkability: The effects of street design, street-network configuration and land-use on pedestrian movement. A|Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 12(3), 189-207. Retrieved from https://www.journalagent.com/itujfa/pdfs/ITUJFA_12_3_189_207.pdf
Ozbil, A., Peponis, J., & Stone, B. (2011). Understanding the link between street connectivity, land use and pedestrian flows. Urban Design International, 16(2), 125-141. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233520508_Understanding_the_link_between_street_connectivity_land_use_and_pedestrian_flows
Ozer, O., & Kubat, A. S. (2013). Walkability: perceived and measured qualities in action. In Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
Peponis, J. (1989). Space, culture and urban design in late modernism and after. Ekistics, 56, 93–108.
Peponis, J., Ross, C., & Rashid, M. (1997). The structure of urban space, movement and co-presence: The case of Atlanta. Geoforum, 28(3–4), 341–358.
Peponis, J., & Wineman, J. (2002). Spatial structure of environment and behavior. In R. B. Bechtel & A. Churchman (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology (pp. 271–291). New York, NY: Wiley.
Pereira, R., Holanda, F., Medeiros, V., & Barros, A. P.(2012). The use of Space Syntax in urban transport analysis: limits and potentials. Proceedings of the 8th International Space Syntax Symposium. Santiago, Chile.
Read, S. (1999). Space Syntax and the Dutch city. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26, 251–264.
Sallis, J. F. (2009). Measuring physical activity environments: A brief history. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(4, Supplement), S86–92.
Saelens, B., Sallis, J., & Frank, L. (2003). Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design and planning literatures. Annals of Behavioural Medicine, 25(2), 80-91.
Siegel, P. Z., Brackbill, R. M., & Heath, G. W. (1995). The epidemiology of walking for exercise: Implications for promoting activity among sedentary groups, American Journal of Public Health, 85, 706–10. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/ 12972873
Simpson, M. E., Serdula, M., Galuska, D. A., Gillespie, C., Donehoo, R., Macera, C., ... Mack, K. (2003). Walking trends among US adults: The behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1987–2000. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 95–100. Retrieved from https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2803%2900 112-0/abstract
TDM (Transportation Demand Management) Online Encyclopedia. (2017). Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www.vtpi.org/tdm/
Vaughan, L., & Grajewski, T. (2001). Space syntax observation manual. London: University College London.
Washington State Growth Management Act. (1990). Retrieved from https://www.warealtor.org/docs/default-source/ga-resources/gma_evaluation_local_implementation. pdf?sfvrsn=4
Westby, M. D. (2001). A health professional’s guide to exercise prescription for people with arthritis: A review of aerobic fitness activities. Arthritis Care & Research, 45, 501–11. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1529-0131%28200112%2945:6% 3C501::AID-ART375%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/abstract
World Health Organization. (1997). City planning for health and sustainable development, European Sustainable Development and Health Series: 2. Retrieved from https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/101060/wa38097ci.pdf
World Health Organization. (2009). Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2009/en/
World Bank. (2000). Cities in Transition. Urban and Local Government Strategy. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank. (2007). Bangladesh-strategy for sustained growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank. (2008). Walk urban: demand, constraints and measurement of the urban pedestrian environment. Washington, DC: World Bank.
Asian Development Bank. (2011). ADB sustainable development working paper series. Walkability and pedestrian facilities in Asian cities: State and issues. no. 17(February). Retrieved from https://www.adb.org/sites/default/files/publication/28679/adb-wp17-walkability-pedestrian-facilities- asian-cities.pdf
Aziz, N. (2016). Study of pedestrian movement in relation to spatial configuration and land-use pattern in the context of Mymensingh town (unpublished Master's thesis). Department of Architecture, Bangladesh University of Engineering and Technology, Dhaka, Bangladesh.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2015, November). Population monograph of Bangladesh population density and vulnerability: A challenge for sustainable development of Bangladesh. Dhaka: Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Ministry of Planning.
Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics. (2011). Population and housing census 2011, socio-economic and demographic report national series, vol. 4. Dhaka: Bangladesh Bureau of Statistics (BBS) Statistics and Informatics Division (SID) Ministry of Planning.
Bangladesh Urban Forum. (2011, December). Bangladesh's urban future: making cities and towns work for all. In report from The 1st Bangladesh Urban Forum. Bangabandhu International Conference Centre (BICC), Dhaka, Bangladesh.
BRAC. (2015). Retreived from https://www.brac.net/images/Mymensingh_ 2016.pdf
Cambra, P., Moura, F., & Goncalves, A. (2017). On The correlation of pedestrian flows to urban environment measures: A space syntax and walkability analysis comparison case. In proceedings from The 11th Space Syntax Symposium, Lisbon.
Carvero, R. (1996). Mixed land- uses and commuting: Evidence from the American housing survey transportation research part A. Policy and Practice 30(5), 61-77.
Carvero, R., & Kockelman, K. (1997). Travel demand and the 3D’s, density, diversity and design, transportation research part D. Transport and Environment, 2(3) 199-219.
Choi, E. (2013). Understanding Walkability: Dealing with the complexity behind pedestrian behavior. In Proceedings of 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Sejong University, Korea.
Emtenan, A. M. T., & Shahid, S. I. (2017). Pedestrian flow characteristics under heterogeneous traffic conditions. American Journal of Civil Engineering, 5(5), 282-292. doi: 10.11648/j.ajce.20170505.13.
Ewing, R., Haliyur, P., & Page, G. (1994). Getting around a traditional city, a suburban planned unit development, and everything in between. Transportation Research Record, 1466, 53-62.
Ewing, R., Deanna, M., & Li, S. (1996). Land use impacts on trip generation rates. Transportation Research Record, 1518, 1–7.
Frank, L. D., & Pivo, G. (1994). Relationships between land-use and travel behaviour in Puget Sound region, Washington State Transport Centre, University of Washington, DJ-10.
Frank, L. D., Sallis, J. F., Conway, T. L., Chapman, J. E., Saelens, B. E., & Bachman, W. (2006). Many pathways from land use to health: Associations between neighborhood walkability and active transportation, body mass index, and air quality. Journal of the American Planning Association, 72(1), 75–87.
Greenberg, M. R., & Renne, J. (2005). Where does walkability matter the most? An environmental justice interpretation of New Jersey data. Journal of Urban Health: Bulletin of the New York Academy of Medicine, 82 (1), 90–100.
Hajrasouliha, A. (2015). The impact of street network connectivity on pedestrian volume. Urban Studies, 52(13), 2483–2497. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098014544763
Handy, S. L., Boarnet, M. G., Ewing, R., & Killingsworth, R. E. (2002). How the built environment affects physical activity: views from urban planning. American Journal of Preventive Medicine.
Hillier, B., & Hanson, J. (1984). The social logic of space. Cambridge, England: Cambridge University Press.
Hillier, B., Hanson, J., & Graham, H. (1987). Ideas are in things: An application of the Space Syntax method to discovering house genotypes. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 14(4), 363–385.
Hillier, B. & Iida, S. (2005). Network and psychological effects in urban movement. In A. J. Cohn & D. M. Mark (Eds.), Proceedings of Spatial Information Theory: International Conference, COSIT 2005 (pp. 475–490). Berlin, Germany: Springer.
Hillier, B., Penn, A., Hanson, J., Grajewski, T., & Xu, J. (1993). Natural movement: or, configuration and attraction in urban pedestrian movement. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 20(1), 29–66.
Holtzclaw, J. (1994). Using residential patterns and transit to decrease auto dependence and costs. San Francisco: Natural Resources Defense Council.
Hu, P., & Reuscher, T. (2004). Summary of travel trends, US Department of Transportation. Retrieved from https://nhts.ornl.gov/2001/pub/stt.pdf
Kalakou, S., & Moura, F. (2014). Bridging the Gap in planning indoor pedestrian facilities. Transport Reviews, 34(4), 474–500. https://doi.org/10.1080/01441647.2014. 915441
Klarqvist, B. (1993). A Space Syntax glossary. Nordisk Arkitekturforskning, 2.
Kostakos, V. (2010). Space Syntax and pervasive systems. In B. Jiang & X. Yao (Eds.), Geospatial analysis and modelling of urban structure and dynamics (pp. 31–52). Dordrecht, the Netherlands: Springer.
Koohsari, J. M., Andrew, T., Kaczynski, Gavin, R., Mcormack, & Sugiyama, T. (2014). Using Space Syntax to assess the built environment for physical activity: Applications to research on parks and public open spaces. Leisure Sciences: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 36(2), 206-216. doi:10.1080/01490400.2013. 856722
Kubat, A. S., Ertekin, O., Eyuboglu, E., & Ozer, E. (2005). Movement activity and strategic design study for Istanbul’s Historical Galata District. In Proceedings of the 5th International Space Syntax Symposium (pp. 565–579). Delft: Techne Press.
Kubat, A. S., Ozer, O., & Ozbil, A. (2013). Defining a strategical framework for urban pedestrianization projects assessment of walkability in 3 urban squares in Istanbul. In Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
Lindelow, D., Sevensson, A., Sternudd, C. ,& Johanson, M. (2014). What limits the pedestrian? Exploring perceptions of walking in the built environment and in the context of every-day life. Journal of Transport and Health. Retrieved from http//dx.doi.org/10.1016/j.jth. 2014.09.002
Liu, X., & Jiang, B. (2012). Defining and generating axial lines from street center lines for better understanding of urban morphologies. International Journal of Geographical Information Science, 26, 1–12.
National Center for Safe Routes to School. (2011). How children get to school: school travel patterns from 1969 to 2009. Retrieved from https://www.pedbikeinfo.org/pdf/NHTS_ school_travel_report_2011_0.pdf
Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development. (2010). Social capital, human c apital and health: What is the evidence? Re t rie ve d f ro m https://www.oecd.org/innovation/research/45760738.pdf
Özbil, A., Yeşiltepe, D., & Argin, G. (2015, November). Modeling walkability: The effects of street design, street-network configuration and land-use on pedestrian movement. A|Z ITU Journal of the Faculty of Architecture, 12(3), 189-207. Retrieved from https://www.journalagent.com/itujfa/pdfs/ITUJFA_12_3_189_207.pdf
Ozbil, A., Peponis, J., & Stone, B. (2011). Understanding the link between street connectivity, land use and pedestrian flows. Urban Design International, 16(2), 125-141. Retrieved from https://www.researchgate.net/publication/233520508_Understanding_the_link_between_street_connectivity_land_use_and_pedestrian_flows
Ozer, O., & Kubat, A. S. (2013). Walkability: perceived and measured qualities in action. In Proceedings of the 9th International Space Syntax Symposium. Sejong University, Seoul, Korea.
Peponis, J. (1989). Space, culture and urban design in late modernism and after. Ekistics, 56, 93–108.
Peponis, J., Ross, C., & Rashid, M. (1997). The structure of urban space, movement and co-presence: The case of Atlanta. Geoforum, 28(3–4), 341–358.
Peponis, J., & Wineman, J. (2002). Spatial structure of environment and behavior. In R. B. Bechtel & A. Churchman (Eds.), Handbook of environmental psychology (pp. 271–291). New York, NY: Wiley.
Pereira, R., Holanda, F., Medeiros, V., & Barros, A. P.(2012). The use of Space Syntax in urban transport analysis: limits and potentials. Proceedings of the 8th International Space Syntax Symposium. Santiago, Chile.
Read, S. (1999). Space Syntax and the Dutch city. Environment and Planning B: Planning and Design, 26, 251–264.
Sallis, J. F. (2009). Measuring physical activity environments: A brief history. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 36(4, Supplement), S86–92.
Saelens, B., Sallis, J., & Frank, L. (2003). Environmental correlates of walking and cycling: Findings from the transportation, urban design and planning literatures. Annals of Behavioural Medicine, 25(2), 80-91.
Siegel, P. Z., Brackbill, R. M., & Heath, G. W. (1995). The epidemiology of walking for exercise: Implications for promoting activity among sedentary groups, American Journal of Public Health, 85, 706–10. Retrieved from https://www.ncbi.nlm. nih.gov/pubmed/ 12972873
Simpson, M. E., Serdula, M., Galuska, D. A., Gillespie, C., Donehoo, R., Macera, C., ... Mack, K. (2003). Walking trends among US adults: The behavioral risk factor surveillance system, 1987–2000. American Journal of Preventive Medicine, 25, 95–100. Retrieved from https://www.ajpmonline.org/article/S0749-3797%2803%2900 112-0/abstract
TDM (Transportation Demand Management) Online Encyclopedia. (2017). Victoria Transport Policy Institute. Retrieved from https://www.vtpi.org/tdm/
Vaughan, L., & Grajewski, T. (2001). Space syntax observation manual. London: University College London.
Washington State Growth Management Act. (1990). Retrieved from https://www.warealtor.org/docs/default-source/ga-resources/gma_evaluation_local_implementation. pdf?sfvrsn=4
Westby, M. D. (2001). A health professional’s guide to exercise prescription for people with arthritis: A review of aerobic fitness activities. Arthritis Care & Research, 45, 501–11. Retrieved from https://onlinelibrary. wiley.com/doi/10.1002/1529-0131%28200112%2945:6% 3C501::AID-ART375%3E3.0.CO;2-Y/abstract
World Health Organization. (1997). City planning for health and sustainable development, European Sustainable Development and Health Series: 2. Retrieved from https://www.euro.who.int/__data/assets/pdf_file/0008/101060/wa38097ci.pdf
World Health Organization. (2009). Global Status Report on Road Safety: Time for Action. Retrieved from https://www.who.int/violence_injury_prevention/road_safety_status/2009/en/
World Bank. (2000). Cities in Transition. Urban and Local Government Strategy. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank. (2007). Bangladesh-strategy for sustained growth. Washington, DC: World Bank.
World Bank. (2008). Walk urban: demand, constraints and measurement of the urban pedestrian environment. Washington, DC: World Bank.