Effect of Sea Water on Compressive Strength and Elastic Modulus of Concrete Portland Cement Type V Containing Ground Palm Oil Fuel Ash
DOI: 10.14416/j.ind.tech.2026.04.004
Keywords:
Eco-Friendly concrete, Ground palm oil fuel ash, Circular Economy, Marine environment, Low carbon societyAbstract
This study investigates the effects of seawater exposure on the compressive strength and elastic modulus of concrete incorporating ground palm oil fuel ash (GPOFA) as a partial replacement for Type V Portland cement (SRC). GPOFA was used at 30%, 40%, and 50% by weight of binder. All specimens were cured in seawater 24 hours after demolding to simulate marine conditions. The binder content was fixed at 560 kg/m³ with a constant water-to-binder ratio of 0.28. Compressive strength was tested at 7, 28, and 60 days, and elastic modulus at 28 and 60 days. Results showed that 30% GPOFA replacement achieved 459.61 kg/cm² compressive strength at 60 days (approximately 88% of the control), with minimal impact on elastic modulus. Additionally, GPOFA use reduced CO₂ emissions by 24–40% compared to the control mix. GPOFA shows promise as a sustainable pozzolanic material for concrete in marine environments, with an optimal replacement level of 30–40% to balance performance and environmental benefits.
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