A Potentially Study of Duckweed Lemna minor L. Biomass in Biofuel Production
DOI: 10.14416/j.ind.tech.2020.12.002
Keywords:
Duckweed; Lemna minor L.; Lignocellulosic Composition; Biomass Pretreatment; Reducing SugarAbstract
Duckweed, Lemna minor L. is categorized as rapid growth aquatic plant with the ability to accumulate high proportion of starch content and significantly low lignin ratio. It could be, therefore, promising as a biomass feedstock for biofuel production. In this research, the lignocellulosic composition coupled with the reducing sugar concentration either in fresh or dried duckweed Lemna minor L. biomass was investigated. The results established the highest proportion of cellulose and hemi-cellulose composition was exclusively observed within dried duckweed biomass at 29.18 and 64.83% (w/w), respectively, meanwhile, the lowest level of lignin content at 5.75% (w/w). The chemical pretreatment of duckweed biomass was evaluated through 0.05, 0.1 and 0.2 N of H2SO4 and NaOH at 80ºC. Within these experiments, the level of sugar concentration derived from dried duckweed biomass was higher compared to the fresh biomass. Especially, the highest reducing sugar at 796.21 ± 0.91 mg/l was released according to the treatment of dried duckweed biomass with 0.05 N H2SO4, whereas the lowest reducing sugar content was 200.04 ± 1.51 mg/l has been achieved after the treatment of fresh biomass with 0.2 N NaOH. However, the consecutively chemical composition analysis of duckweed Lemna minor L. biomass could be contributed to a substrate for biofuel energy production through the further appropriated variable technologies.
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[2] F. Martins, C. Felgueiras, M. Smitkova and N. Caetano, Analysis of Fossil Fuel Energy Consumption and Environmental Impacts in European Countries, Energies, 2019, 12(6), 964, 1-11., doi:10.3390/ en12060964.
[3] M.A. Perea-Moreno, E. Samerón-Manzano and A.-J. Perea-Moreno, Biomass as Renewable Energy: Worldwide Research Trends, Sustainability, 2019, 11(3), 863, 1-19., doi: 10.3390/su11030863
[4] T. Fujita, E. Nakao, M. Takeuchi, A. Tanimura, et al., Characterization of Starch-Accumulating Duckweeds, Wolffia globosa, as Renewable Carbon Source for Bioethanol Production, Biocatalysis and Agricultural Biotechnology, 2016, 6, 123–127.
[5] R. Chandra, H. Takeuchi and T. Hasegawa, Methane Production from Lignocellulosic Agricultural Crop Wastes: A Review in Context to Second Generation of Biofuel Production, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2012, 16(3), 1462-1476.
[6] J. Akhtar and N.A.S. Amin, A Review on Process Conditions for Optimum Bio-oil Yield in Hydrothermal Liquefaction of Biomass, Renewable and Sustainable Energy Reviews, 2011, 15(3), 1615-1624.
[7] J. Xu, H. Zhao, A.M. Stomp and J.J. Cheng, The Production of Duckweed as a Source of Biofuels, Biofuels, 2012, 3(5), 589-601.
[8] J. Xu and G. Shen, Growing Duckweed in Swine Wastewater for Nutrient Recovery and Biomass Production, Bioresource Technology, 2011, 102(2), 848-853.
[9] C. Yu, C. Sun, L. Yu, M. Zhu, H. Xu, J. Zhao, Y. Ma and G. Zhou, Comparative Analysis of Duckweed Cultivation With Sewage Water and SH Media for Production of Fuel Ethanol, PLoS One, 2014, 9(12), e115023, 1-15. doi:10.1371/journal.pone.0115023.
[10] Y. Xiao, Y. Fang, Y. Jin, G. Zhang, and H. Zhao, Culturing Duckweed in the Field for Starch Accumulation, Industrial Crops and Products, 2013, 48, 183-190.
[11] R. Verma and S. Suthar, Bioenergy Potential of Duckweed (Lemna gibba L.) Biomass, Energy Sources, Part A: Recovery, Utilization, and Environmental Effects, 2016, 38(15), 2231-2237.
[12] E.I. Iatrou, E. Kora and A.S. Stasinakis, Investigation of Biomass Production, Crude Protein and Starch Content in Laboratory Wastewater Treatment Systems Planted with Lemna minor and Lemna gibba, Environmental Technology, 2019, 40(20), 2649-2656.
[13] J.B. Binder and R.T. Raines, Simple Chemical Transformation of Lignocellulosic Biomass into Furans for Fuels and Chemicals, Journal of the American Chemical Society, 2009, 131(5), 1979-1985.
[14] F. Xu, Y.C. Shi and D. Wang, Enhanced Production of Glucose and Xylose with Partial Dissolution of Corn Stover in Ionic Liquid, 1-Ethyl-3-methylimidazolium Acetate, Bioresource Technology, 2012, 114, 720-724.
[15] P. Serechodchawong and K. Sangkharak, The production of biodiesel and ethanol from pressed coconut, Thaksin University Journal, 2014, 17(3), 103-110. (in Thai)
[16] B.T.N. Thi, L.H.V. Thanh, T.N.P. Lan, N.T.D. Thuy and Y.H. Ju, Comparison of Some Pretreatment Methods on Cellulose Recovery from Water Hyacinth (Eichhornia Crassipe), Journal of Clean Energy Technologies, 2017, 5(4), 274-279.
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[20] T.T.T. Cu, T.X. Nguyen, J.M. Triolo, L. Pedersen, V.D. Le, P.D. Le and S.G. Sommer, Biogas Production from Vietnamese Animal Manure, Plant Residues and Organic Waste: Influence of Biomass Composition on Methane Yield, Asian Australasian Journal of Animal Sciences, 2015, 28(2), 280-289.
[21] R. Ramaraj and Y. Unpaprom, Effect of Temperature on the Performance of Biogas Production from Duckweed, Chemistry Research Journal, 2016, 1(1), 58-66.
[22] D. Yadav, L. Barbora, D. Bora, S. Mitra, L. Rangan, and P. Mahanta, An Assessment of Duckweed as a Potential Lignocellulosic Feedstock for Biogas Production, International Biodeterioration & Biodegradation, 2017, 119, 253-259.
[23] V. Facchin, C. Cavinato, F. Fatone, P. Pavan, F. Cecchi and D. Bolzonella, Effect of Trace Element Supplementation on the Mesophilic Anaerobic Digestion of Food Wastes in Batch Trials: The Influence of Inoculum Origin, Biochemical Engineering Journal, 2013, 70, 71-77.
[24] M. Seppälä, V. Pyykkönen, A. Väisänen and J. Rintala, Biomethane Production from Maize and Liquid Cow Manure - Effect of Share of Maize, Post methanation Potential and Digestate Characteristics, Fuel, 2013, 107, 209-216.
[25] J.J. Cheng and A.M. Stomp, Growing Duckweed to Recover Nutrients from Wastewaters and for Production of Fuel Ethanol and Animal Feed, CLEAN – Soil, Air, Water, 2009, 37(1), 17 – 26.
[26] W. Cui and J.J. Cheng, Growing Duckweed for Biofuel Production: A Review, Plant Biology, 2014, 17(1), 16-23.
[27] X. Wang, W. Cui, W. Hu and C. Feng, Abscisic Acid-Induced Starch Accumulation in Bioenergy Crop Duckweed Spirodela polyrrhiza, BioEnergy Research, 2017, 10, 417-426.
[28] N. Mosier, C. Wyman, B. Dale, R. Elander, Y.Y. Lee, M. Holtzapple and M. Ladisch, Features of Promising Technologies for Pretreatment of Lignocellulosic Biomass, Bioresource Technology, 2005, 96(6), 673-686.
[29] K. Sander and G.S. Murthy, Life Cycle Analysis of Algae Biodiesel, The International Journal of Life Cycle Assessment, 2010, 15, 704-714.
[30] Q. Chen, Y. Jin, G., Zhang, Y. Fang, Y. Xiao and H. Zhao, Improving Production of Bioethanol from Duckweed (Landoltia punctata) by Pectinase Pretreatment, Energies, 2012, 5(8), 3019-3032.
[31]A.P. Dadi, S. Varanasi and C.A. Schall, Enhancement of Cellulose Saccharification Kinetics Using an Ionic Liquid Pretreatment Step, Biotechnology and Bioengineering, 2006, 95(5), 904-910.
[32] V.B. Barua and A.S. Kalamdhad, Effect of Various Types of Thermal Pretreatment Techniques on the Hydrolysis, Compositional Analysis and Characterization of Water Hyacinth, Bioresource Technology, 2017, 227, 147–154.
[33] N.N. Deshavath, M. Mohan, V.D. Veeranki, V.V. Goud, S.R. Pinnamaneni and T. Benarjee, Dilute Acid Pretreatment of Sorghum Biomass to Maximize the Hemicellulose Hydrolysis with Minimized Levels of Fermentative Inhibitors for Bioethanol Production, 3 Biotech, 2017, 7(2), 139, 1-12., doi: 10.1007/s13205-017-0752-3.
[34] X. Zhao, G.K. Moates, N. Wellner, S.R.A. Collins, M.J. Coleman and K.W. Waldron, Chemical Characterisation and Analysis of the Cell Wall Polysaccharides of Duckweed (Lemna minor), Carbohydrate Polymers, 2014, 111, 410–418.
[35] X. Zhao, G.K. Moates, A. Elliston, D.R. Wilson, M.J. Coleman and K.W. Waldron, Simultaneous Saccharification and Fermentation of Steam Exploded Duckweed: Improvement of the Ethanol Yield by Increasing Yeast Titre, Bioresource Technology, 2015, 194, 263–269.
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Published
2020-12-09
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บทความวิจัย (Research article)
