UAV-Based mmWave MIMO with PSO-Enhanced Hybrid OMA-NOMA Access
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Abstract
This paper presents a UAV-based communication system that integrates hybrid Orthogonal Multiple Access (OMA) and Non-Orthogonal Multiple Access (NOMA) schemes, operating in the millimeter-wave (mm-Wave) frequency band and supported by Multiple-Input Multiple-Output (MIMO) technology. The proposed Hybrid OMA/NOMA-mm-Wave MIMO framework is designed to enhance overall system performance by delivering high-capacity wireless connectivity to ground users (GUs). UAVs act as aerial base stations (BSs), offering rapid and flexible communication services in diverse real-world scenarios, including natural disasters, areas lacking fixed infrastructure, and temporary coverage at large public events. To improve NOMA's performance, a Particle Swarm Optimization (PSO) algorithm is employed for optimizing power allocation (PA), ensuring fairness between near and far users. Furthermore, a user pairing mechanism integrated with optimized power allocation is introduced to enhance the UAV-BS performance in mm-Wave-NOMA scenarios. The channel model considers both line-of-sight (LoS) and non-line-of-sight (NLoS) conditions, incorporating angle of departure (AoD), angle of arrival (AoA), and Doppler effects. Simulation results demonstrate that NOMA outperforms OMA in specific scenarios, while OMA remains more effective in others. PSO-based power allocation significantly surpasses fixed PA schemes in NOMA systems.
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