Assessing the Impact of Urbanization on Groundwater Resources: Using Geophysical Surveys to Assess Groundwater Recharge Rates, Aquifer Storage, and Water Quality

Abstract

Abstract: The increased scale of urbanization has borne a substantial load on groundwater resources, and hence, a proper assessment system is required to affirm the sustainability of water management. This multi-disciplinary study integrated geophysical surveys and water quality analyses to assess recharge rates, stored water, and water quality in an urban setting. Electrical resistivity tomography can significantly outline the potential provisions for underground materials and groundwater. Conversely, ground-penetrating radar aims to identify soil levels, water tables, and hidden utilities. Seismic refraction maps showed that deeper down, there were layers of denser rocks, like sandstone and limestone, with much fewer holes. To gain a deeper understanding, we employed the 'Magnetic Resonance Sounding' technique, which mathematically demonstrated that Site D possessed the thickest aquifer (12.456 m) with the highest porosity (35.123%) and transmissivity (90.234 m²/day). During the water quality analysis, we found chloride levels (70.123 mg/L) and conductivity (1200.234 S/cm) above normal levels at Site B. The possible contamination sources were detected. Applying these approaches together resulted in the acquisition of a complete picture of groundwater processes and revealed diverse management measures for each potential site. The outcomes of this research add to the knowledge of methodological procedures for this unique branch of hydrology and will provide professional support in sustainable urban planning as water supply remains a significant challenge within urbanized areas.