Creative Science

Development of geopolymer mortar made from bagasse ash with waste aluminum

Kiti Onmak, Songrit Puttala, Chaicharn Chotetanorm, Sahalaph Homwuttiwong — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Geopolymer concrete is a type of concrete that is produced using industrial waste materials such as fly ash, slag, and other similar materials instead of traditional Portland cement. This research studied the variables affecting geopolymer mortar from bagasse ash mixed with aluminum scraps. The waste materials, bagasse ash (BA) and aluminium scrap (AL) were crushed to reduce the particles by grinding. An amount of ALU 0.01 – 0.15 wt% bagasse (BA) ash was added to the mixture. The alkaline solutions (AS) used to leach silicon oxide and aluminium oxide from BA were sodium hydroxide (NH) and sodium silicate (NS). The concentration of NH solution was varied between 7.5 – 15 molar. The ratio of alkaline solution to bagasse ash (AS/BA) was controlled at 0.50. Mortar samples were cast and cured at 60 80 and 100 °C for 48 hours. The results showed that the 10-molar sodium hydroxide solution tended to support the higher compressive strength. The highest compressive strength of geopolymer was found when using 0.04% aluminum scrap and curing at 80 °C. The additional water improved the workability of the fresh mortar, but the lower strength of the geopolymers was archived.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS

Do not use as a cementitious binder
Reuse waste materials
It is an environmentally friendly and sustainable material

Niosome gels encapsulate green mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) as an anti-acne-inducing bacterial and anti-inflammatory activity

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to develop a niosome gel from green mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) by maceration with an ethanol solvent. The result of the yield percentage was 14.35 ± 0.90. The result of analyzing the phytochemicals by high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was that tannin and xanthone were equal to 0.7483 ± 0.0825 mg per 100 mg of extract and 0.02964 ± 0.0088 mg per 100 mg of extract, respectively. The results of the determination of the effect include anti-inflammatory and anti-bacterial (Cutibacterium acnes) as anti-inflammatory with nitric oxide from LPS-induced macrophage cells up to a maximum equal to 29.10 ± 4.78% as a concentration at 1 mg mL^–1 as acetonide can inhibit nitric oxide equal to 33.12 ± 3.62% as a concentration at 1 mg mL^–1. and anti-bacterial (Cutibacterium acnes) by broth microdilution and drop plate methods, it was found that clindamycin has a minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) and a minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) of 0.08 μg mL^–1 and 0.31 μg mL^–1, respectively. The development of niosomes consisting of cholesterol, tween 60, and mangosteen peel extract at 1% w w^–1 and 2% w w^–1 in every formula showed good stability. The reduction of particle size in the formula by an ultrasonic bath at 30 minutes and measurement of particle size with a transmission electron microscope (TEM) were found to be equal to 1,265 and 123 – 219 nm, respectively. The polydispersity index (PDI) was in the range of 0.1 – 0.2, and the zeta potential value was in the range of –26.15 to –28.61 mV. The result of hydration and trans epidermal water loss (TEWL) was found to be that after 4 weeks of use, the formula containing the niosomes of mangosteen peel extract concentrated at 2% w w^–1 maximizes skin moisture. It has a value of 346 ± 39.27 and has the least surface water loss.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS

The green mangosteen peel extract (Garcinia mangostana L.) can inhibiting nitric oxide production from LPS-induced macrophage cells up to 29.10 ± 4.78% at a concentration of 1 mg ml^-1, the lowest inhibitory (MIC) and kill (MBC) concentration of C. acnes bacteria less than 0.24 mg ml^-1. The particle size of niosomes encapsulate extracts before reducing particle size equal to 1,265 nm. and after reducing particle size in the range of 123 - 219 nm. The skin hydration value after using product for 4 weeks as niosome gel encapsulate extract 2%w w^-1 of extract was maximum moisture and minimal water loss.

The influence of the main elemental constituents of thousand year old barai mud extension of shades of natural dyed silk from marigold flowers

Chuleekant Sainate — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed (1) to study the main element of thousand year old mud and types of color-giving substances from marigold flowers and (2) to study the causes of silk color change from dark yellow to dark green at Bankhokmuang, Chorakhemark Sub-district, Prakhonchai District, Buriram Province. Firstly, the researcher studied the element of the mud from Barai Prasat Muang Tam and Barai Kuti Ruesi, using EDXRF. Secondly, the researcher studied types of phytochemicals in marigold extract using HCl solution and NaOH solution. Finally, the researcher dyed the silk with marigold flower extract mixed with alum and dyed it with iron ion solution and the mud solution from both sources. The results showed that both muds had the highest amount of Fe₂O₃, 64.03% of Barai Prasat Muang Tam mud and 44.22% of Barai Kuti Ruesi mud. The coloring substance of marigold extract was flavonoids and had good water solubility. Then the researcher dyed the silk with marigold flower extract mixed with alum because alum contained Al³⁺ions. The silk was dark yellow. The silk was divided into three groups to be dyed again. The first group was dyed with 1,000 ppm iron ion solution. The second group was dyed with a solution of Barai Prasat Muang Tam mud. The third group was dyed with a solution of Barai Kuti Ruesi mud. All group color changed from dark yellow to dark green. Thus, iron ion solution and both of Barai mud solution were rich in iron ion. This complex compound could form with flavonoids which made golden yellow color turns dark green and sticks to silk threads. It was also water insolubility. The color was not faded. All groups had different shade values at the significance level of 0.05.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS

Study the main element of thousand year old mud
Study area at at Bankhokmuang, Chorakhemark Sub-district, Prakhonchai District, Buriram Province.
Causes the color of the silk thread to change from yellow to dark green

The study of environmental impact from fabric dyeing process in Lahanam area, Songkhone district, Lao PDR

Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The aim of this research was to examine water contamination resulting from the fabric dyeing process in the Lahanam area, located in Songkhone district, Lao PDR. Lahanam is a famous village known for its fabric dyeing and weaving activities, utilizing both natural and chemical dyes which result in the discharge of colors into local water resources. Water samples were collected from three different sources: household dyeing water (HD), community wastewater (CW) and the nearby river, Xebanghieng (XR). Qualitative and quantitative analyses were performed on the water samples. Atomic Absorption Spectroscopy (AAS) was employed to measure the presence of heavy metals such as lead (Pb), arsenic (As), cadmium (Cd) and mercury (Hg). Additionally, tests were conducted to determine the biological oxygen demand (BOD), dissolved oxygen (DO), ammonia contents and pH in the water of Xebanghieng. The results revealed that HD samples contained significantly higher amounts of all four heavy metals (lead 0.217 mg L^–1, cadmium 0.105 mg L^–1, arsenic 0.029 mg L^–1 and mercury 0.0014 mg L^–1), with lead, cadmium and arsenic exceeding standard limits. These data indicate potential environmental impact of chemical dyeing in the village in the future. Therefore, it is recommended to replace the current dyeing process with more sustainable alternatives, such as natural dyes.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS

The water quality of the river in the dyeing village in Lao PDR
Heavy metals in wastewater after dyeing process.
The impact of chemical dyeing.

Electrical energy efficiency of dye sensitized solar cells by polymer electrolyte

Surasak Santhaveesuk, Chokchai Kahattha, Witawat Ponhan — Wed, 01 May 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to prepare by mixtures method with dope carbon black as a working electrode and the apply it to the dye sensitized solar cells (DSSCs). The thin film of titanium dioxide nanocrystalline semi - conductor with dope carbon black, the cells were coated on to transparent conducting oxide glass sheet by means of the doctor blade technique as a working electrode. But the polymer electrolyte were prepare by adding potassium iodide and iodine salts with a ratio of KI:I₂ was 10:1, into a polymer electrolyte composed of poly-ethylene glycol, ethylene carbonate and poly(styrene–co–acrylonitrile). The polymer electrolyte mixtures became homogeneous and stirring at a temperature of 80 °C. Found that efficiency for the DSSCs by polymer electrolyte based on yielded an overall light to electrical energy conversion efficiency ( ) of the DSSCs was 5.5095%, An open-circuit voltage of 0.58 V, voltage at the point of maximum power output of 0.42 V, short-circuit current density of 11.11 mA.cm^–2, current density at the point of maximum power output of 10.50 mA.cm^–2 fill factor of 0.684 under an irradiation of 80 mW.cm^–2. And the long-term stability test of the DSSCs with a polymer electrolyte is evidently superior to the DSSCs with liquid electrolyte based on the observation period lasting for 90 days.

GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT

HIGHLIGHTS

prepare by mixtures method with dope carbon black as a working electrode
The efficiency for the DSSCs by polymer electrolyte based on yielded an overall light to electrical energy conversion