Creative Science
https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/snru_journal
<p><strong><em>Creative Science</em><br /></strong><strong>ISSN:</strong> 2821-9996 (Online)<br /><strong>Publication Frequency:</strong> Three issues per year</p> <ul> <li>January–April</li> <li>May–August</li> <li>September–December</li> </ul> <p><strong>Language:</strong> English<br /><strong>Journal Abbreviation:</strong> <em>Cre. Sci.</em><br /><strong>Number of Articles per Issue:</strong> 8–12 articles<br /><strong>Review Method:</strong> Double-blind peer review</p> <p><em><strong>Creative Science</strong></em> is a peer-reviewed, multidisciplinary journal published by Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat University. The journal aims to publish high-quality original research articles that integrate scientific knowledge across diverse disciplines with creativity, innovation, and practical applications in a wide range of contexts. We particularly welcome research that contributes to local and community development, bridging the gap between scientific theory and real-world practice. The journal focuses on the following areas:</p> <ul> <li><em>Biological Sciences</em></li> <li><em>Chemical Sciences</em></li> <li><em>Environmental Sciences</em></li> <li><em>Physical Sciences</em></li> <li><em>Applied Sciences and Technology</em></li> </ul> <p>We place special emphasis on interdisciplinary and transdisciplinary research that blends scientific methodologies with innovative approaches to address real-world problems. Both basic and applied research are welcomed, especially studies that demonstrate potential for advancing creative technologies and sustainable innovations aimed at empowering local communities and enhancing societal well-being.</p>Research and Development Institute Sakon Nakhon Rajabhat Universityen-USCreative Science2821-9996Comparative effects of graphene oxide and sodium alginate on filter paper against S. aureus and E. coli
https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/snru_journal/article/view/258702
<p>This research investigated the efficacy of graphene oxide (GO) and sodium alginate (SA) solutions in inhibiting the growth of <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em> and <em>Escherichia coli</em> bacteria coated on filter papers. The study compared the antibacterial properties of GO solution alone, GO mixed with SA at different ratios, and a control group. In the experiment, <em>S. aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em> bacteria were cultured. The coated filter papers were soaked in the aforementioned bacteria and dried in a sterile cabinet. Finally, the dilutions were performed, sequentially. The results show that filter paper coated with 1% GO solution gave the best antibacterial activity against <em>E. coli </em>which had 45.79% reduction, but it did not significantly better than the paper coated with GO mixed with SA (ratio 1:1) which had 45.02% reduction. All coated paper samples had low antibacterial activity against <em>S. aureus </em>significantly (p-value < 0.05). GO solution normally lacks adhesion properties but mixing it with SA provided adhesion while maintaining antibacterial activity. This research can be applied to antimicrobial paper, textile industries, prosthesis organs and canvas printing. Further research is needed to explore human applications’ long-term effectiveness and safety.</p> <p><strong>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><img src="https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/public/journals/98/submission_258702_28233_coverImage_en_US.png" /></p> <p><strong>HIGHLIGHTS</strong></p> <ul> <li>The synergistic effects of graphene oxide and sodium alginate coating on filter paper against <em> aureus</em> and <em>E. coli</em></li> <li>The mixture of graphene oxide and sodium alginate (ratio 1 : 1) showed the best antibacterial activity against <em>Escherichia coli</em></li> <li>This research can apply to antimicrobial paper, textile industries, prosthesis organ and canvas printing</li> </ul>Wachiraporn ChoopanNavapadol Kittiamornkul
Copyright (c) 2025 Creative Science
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2025-02-252025-02-2517225870225870210.55674/cs.v17i2.258702Influence of rapid annealing temperature on the mechanical properties of TiCN thin film as prepared by cathodic arc
https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/snru_journal/article/view/260691
<p>In this study, titanium carbonitride (TiCN) thin films were deposited using cathodic arc deposition techniques. The as-deposited TiCN thin films were subsequently subjected to annealing treatment by rapid thermal annealing (RTA) technique at a temperature range from 400 to 600 °C. The effect of RTA temperature on the crystallinity, morphology, chemical composition, and mechanical properties of the TiCN thin films was investigated. The grazing incident X-ray diffraction (GIXRD) analysis confirmed the presence of a dominant face-centered cubic TiCN phase. Cross-sectional field-emission scanning electron microscopy (FE-SEM) images revealed a compact and homogeneous morphology, which became more pronounced with increasing RTA temperatures. The X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) indicated the atomic concentration of the primary element (Ti, C, and N) remained relatively stable throughout the annealing process. Furthermore, the hardness of the TiCN thin films improved at 400 °C-RTA temperature.</p> <p><strong>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><img src="https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/public/journals/98/submission_260691_30229_coverImage_en_US.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>HIGHLIGHTS</strong></p> <ul> <li>Crystalline TiCN thin films were successfully deposited via cathodic arc deposition.</li> <li>RTA treatment improved the TiCN thin film, resulting in a highly compact morphology.</li> <li>The harness of TiCN showed enhancement at 400 <sup>o</sup>C-RTA temperature.</li> </ul>Wuttichai Phae-ngamGanatee GitgeatpongJedsada PrathumsitViboon TapanwongHideki NakajimaTanapoj ChaikeereePattarinee White
Copyright (c) 2025 Creative Science
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2025-03-102025-03-1017226069126069110.55674/cs.v17i2.260691Optimizing stocking density for enhanced growth and survival of a cyprinid fish (G. theunensis) fry in cage cultivation environment
https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/snru_journal/article/view/259896
<p>The impact of stocking densities on the growth and survival of a cyprinid fish (<em>G. theunensis</em>) fry was thoroughly investigated in a comprehensive study aimed at identifying optimal aquaculture conditions. This research utilized a Complete Randomized Design (CRD) with three replicates for each of four different stocking densities: 50 100 150 and 200 fry m<sup>-</sup>³ over a three-month period from October to December 2024. Fish were fed a commercial fish feed containing 28% protein twice daily. The study found no significant differences (P>0.05) in the survival rates across the different densities with rates ranging from 73.83% to 82.67%. However, the lowest density (50 fry m<sup>-</sup>³) resulted in a significantly higher final length of 5.93 cm, compared to 5.40 cm, 5.19 cm, and 5.03 cm for the 100, 150, and 200 fry m<sup>-</sup>³ densities, respectively. Similarly, fish at the 50 fry m<sup>-</sup>³ density achieved a significantly higher final weight of 4.88 g, compared to 4.08 g, 3.92 g, and 3.90 g for the higher densities. The daily gain was highest at the lowest density, measuring 0.05 g fish<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> day<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, versus slightly lower gains at higher densities. Specific growth rate: The rate at 50 fry m<sup>-</sup>³ was 157.95% fish<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup> day<sup>-</sup><sup>1</sup>, substantially higher than those observed at higher densities. Weight Gain: Demonstrated a similar pattern, with the 50 fry m<sup>-</sup>³ density achieving a 612.77% gain, significantly outperforming the other densities. Feed Conversion Ratio: The FCR was most efficient at the lowest density (2.34) worsening progressively at higher densities.</p> <p><strong>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><img src="https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/public/journals/98/submission_259896_29432_coverImage_en_US.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>HIGHLIGHTS</strong></p> <ul> <li>The lowest stocking density (50 fry/m³) resulted in the best growth performance, with the highest final length (5.93 cm), weight (4.88 g), and daily weight gain.</li> <li>Survival rates showed no significant differences across densities, ranging from 73.83% to 82.67%.</li> <li>The feed conversion ratio (FCR) was most efficient at the lowest density (2.34) and worsened as stocking density increased.</li> </ul>Ekachai DuangjaiJittra PunroobNatthawoot Punroob
Copyright (c) 2025 Creative Science
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2025-03-162025-03-1617225989625989610.55674/cs.v17i2.259896Effect of chitosan loading on structural and physical properties of polyvinylpyrrolidone/chitosan composites using simple casting process
https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/snru_journal/article/view/260988
<p>This research focused on the development of polymer composite materials for dissolving needles applications. Polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP) was selected as the matrix phase, with chitosan (CS) chosen as the reinforcement phase due to its unique ability to absorb various substances and maintain stability in a room-temperature environment. Acetic acid was used as a dissolving agent for the chitosan suspension. A 30% w/v PVP solution was prepared in deionized water under magnetic stirring. Subsequently, chitosan powder was dissolved in acetic acid (2 M) at a 1.00 : 1.75 mole ratio using an ultrasonic process. Different weight ratios of the chitosan suspension (0.0, 0.5, 1.0, 2.0, 5.0, and 10.0 wt%) were added to PVP matrix under continuous stirring at 200 rpm for 30 min. to achieve a homogenous suspension. Each PVP/CS suspension was then cast into a silicone mold and dried at 40 ºC in the oven. Examining the structural properties of the PVP/CS composite samples under an optical microscope revealed a well-dispersed arrangement of CS particles within the PVP matrix. In the chemical structure analysis using Fourier transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy, the spectra of the PVP composites with different CS ratios exhibited identical patterns for all the samples, indicating a correlation with the same phases in the precursor materials. Furthermore, the optimized ratio of 1 wt% chitosan loading in the PVP/CS composites achieved a balance between enhanced mechanical property and reduced solubility, influenced by the distribution of CS particles within the PVP structure. Moreover, the presence of hydrogen bonds between the NH<sub>2</sub> groups in chitosan and the C=O groups in PVP plays a key role in mechanical enhancement and soluble time.</p> <p><strong>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><img src="https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/public/journals/98/submission_260988_30526_coverImage_en_US.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>HIGHLIGHTS<br /></strong></p> <ul> <li>Polymer composites for soluble materials</li> <li>Polymer composite film by simple casting process</li> <li>Enhancing hardness property by PVP/CS polymer composites</li> </ul>Natchapon RattanaanothaikulKanokthip BoonyarattanakalinTheerapan SongnuyWisanu PecharapaWanichaya Mekprasart
Copyright (c) 2025 Creative Science
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2025-03-282025-03-2817226098826098810.55674/cs.v17i2.260988Heat gain reduction using solar chimney window driven by pv-powered fan
https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/snru_journal/article/view/261113
<p>This study investigated the performance of a solar chimney window equipped with a PV-powered fan (SCW-PV) in reducing heat gain and improving ventilation in buildings. The research methodology involved comparative testing of two houses: one with a common glazed window (reference) and the other with the SCW-PV installed. The SCW-PV consisted of two glass layers with an aluminum frame, vents at the top and bottom, and a DC fan connected to a PV panel without a battery. This field test investigated the variables of temperature and heat transfer reduction, with data collected during daytime hours on clear-sky days. Temperature, heat flux, and air velocity sensors were calibrated and recorded the data. Results showed that the SCW-PV effectively lowered the room space temperature compared to the common glazed window, reducing window heat gain by 10-20 W/m<sup>2</sup> (15-55% reduction). The ventilation rate through the SCW-PV ranged from 15-50 m<sup>3</sup>/h, corresponding to 5.2-17.4 air changes per hour (ACH) in the 2.88 m<sup>3</sup> room. The findings suggest that the SCW-PV is a significant tool for reducing window heat gain, minimizing heat accumulation in room spaces, and improving indoor thermal comfort. Therefore, the SCW-PV is recommended for implementation in buildings to enhance energy efficiency and occupant comfort.</p> <p><strong>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><img src="https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/public/journals/98/submission_261113_30651_coverImage_en_US.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>HIGHLIGHTS</strong></p> <p>• Heat Gain Reduction: Achieved a 10-20 W/m² reduction in window heat gain, equating to a 15-55% decrease.<br />• Ventilation Improvement: Ventilation rate through the SCW-PV ranged from 15-50 m³/h, resulting in 5.2-17.4 air changes per hour (ACH) in a 2.88 m³ room.<strong><br /></strong></p>Jirasak PukdumTinnapob PhengpomWarakon RatchathaWithaya Puangsombut
Copyright (c) 2025 Creative Science
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2025-04-032025-04-0317226111326111310.55674/cs.v17i2.261113Growth and effective inhibition of pathogens of Cordyceps militaris cultured on Sakon Nakhon local rice
https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/index.php/snru_journal/article/view/261051
<p>This study investigated the growth and antimicrobial activity of <em>Cordyceps militaris</em> cultivated on two media types—Formula 1 (glucose-based) and Formula 2 (sucrose-based)—using five local rice varieties from Sakon Nakhon Province: Hom Nang Nual, Red Jasmine, Red Sticky, Kham Noi, and Kham Bai Kiew rice. The growth experiment, spanning 70 days, was divided into three stages, during which the fresh and dry weights of fruiting bodies and bases were recorded. Results showed that Formula 2 with Red Jasmine rice supported the highest growth, yielding 9.65 ± 1.23 g (fresh) and 1.54 ± 0.05 g (dry) per bottle. In Formula 1, the highest yield was observed using Kham Noi rice, with 9.62 ± 1.01 g (fresh) and 0.71 ± 0.16 g (dry) per bottle. For antimicrobial testing, dried <em>C. militaris</em> samples were soaked in 95% ethanol for 48 h, filtered, and concentrated via rotary evaporation at 50 °C. The crude extracts were tested against <em>Bacillus subtilis</em>, <em>Staphylococcus epidermidis</em>, <em>Staphylococcus aureus</em>, and <em>Escherichia coli</em> using the disc diffusion method at concentrations of 20,000 – 100,000 ppm. At 100,000 ppm, all extracts exhibited antibacterial activity. Notably, the extract from Red Jasmine rice in Formula 1 showed the highest inhibition against <em>E. coli</em>, with a clear zone of 12.50 ± 5.91 mm. Statistical analysis confirmed significant differences (p ≤ 0.01) in inhibitory effectiveness. These findings indicate that a sucrose-based medium enhances the yield and quality of <em>C. militaris</em>, and nutrient-rich local rice substrates contribute to its antimicrobial potential. The study supports the application of local rice in <em>C. militaris</em> cultivation and suggests potential for developing natural antimicrobial products for future medical use.</p> <p><strong>GRAPHICAL ABSTRACT</strong></p> <p><img src="https://ph01.tci-thaijo.org/public/journals/98/submission_261051_30589_coverImage_en_US.jpg" /></p> <p><strong>HIGHLIGHTS</strong></p> <ul> <li>Sucrose-based medium with Red Jasmine rice yielded the highest growth of Cordyceps militaris in both fresh and dry weights.</li> <li>The crude extract from C. militaris cultivated on Red Jasmine rice demonstrated the strongest inhibition against E. coli, showing the largest inhibition zone.</li> <li>Local rice varieties from Sakon Nakhon demonstrated strong potential as substrates for cultivating C. militaris for natural antimicrobial product development.</li> </ul>Krit PhinetsathianNida ArbsuwanKrongjai SomrugNantiya ChaiyapetSawitree ChailoedPhichamai TaikhamNathaporn Jirawattanasomkul
Copyright (c) 2025 Creative Science
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0
2025-04-252025-04-2517226105126105110.55674/cs.v17i2.261051