Research on Modern science and Utilizing Technological Innovation Journal (RMUTI Journal)

Electrokinetic Performance on Dewatering in Soft Clay Subjected to Vertical Configurations of Electrode

Somjai Yubonchit, Avirut Chinkulkijniwat, Mantana Julvorawong — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

To examine electrokinetic performance on dewatering and settlement in soft clay subjected to vertical configurations of electrode, this research conducted a series of experiments for two configurations of electrode. There were two configurations of electrode; 1) anode were placed at top and cathode placed at bottom boundaries namely as 1AT, and 2) two anodes were placed at top and bottom boundaries and cathode was placed at middle labeled as 2ATB. The results showed that greatest magnitudes of settlement and dewatering in soft clay for the both two configurations of electrode was shown in early stage of experiments. The 1AT yielded the settlement of 21.28 mm which was less than the settlement found in 2ATB test of about 20%. The settlement results were corresponded to dewatering in the soil sample in which the dewatering for 2ATB was greater than that for 1AT of about 10%. However, cracks in the soil sample were found in both the 1AT and the 2ATB. For the 1AT, the crack was appeared at top surface of the soil sample caused by downward dewatering from anode to cathode which was resulting in loss of water content nearby anode. While two anodes were placed at top and bottom boundaries of the soil sample for 2ATB, dewatering in both upward and downward directions from anodes to cathode placed at middle would generate cracks at top and bottom boundaries of the soil sample. The cracks due to reduction of water content during the experiment affects the efficiency of electrokinetic, including electric current and electrical resistance. It found that energy consumption used for 2ATB test was greater that for 1AT of about 40%. From the tested results, it can be conclude that electrokinetic technique is suited for any problem that requires smaller amount of dewatering within very short time period and...

Electrochemical Determination of Vitamin C Using Antimony Film Modified Pencil Electrode

Sireerat Lisnund, Sarannaphat Sainet, Sudarat Sombatsri — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

Vitamin C, or ascorbic acid, is an important nutrient necessary for maintaining human health. This proposed study aims to develop a simple and sensitive electrochemical sensor for quantifying ascorbic acid. The antimony film (Sb) with Nafion (NF) was prepared by ex-situ method on a supporting pencil lead electrode (Pencil Lead Electrode, PLE). Ascorbic acid exhibits a very sensitive anodic peak at +0.4 V (vs. Ag/AgCl) in a pH 4 phosphate buffer solution when using cyclic voltammetry with the PLE/NF/Sb. Amperometry, accurate and fast technique, was utilized for quantitative analysis, showing a good linear relationship between current and ascorbic acid concentration within a linear range of 50 - 500 µM (R² = 0.9959) with limit of detection, LOD (3SD/m) 2.57 µM. Several potentially interfering species, including ionic and organic compounds, did not have any significant effect on the determination of ascorbic acid. The final experimental results revealed that the proposed modified electrochemical sensor successfully analyzed commercial pharmaceutical ascorbic acid tablets.

Investigation of Pollutants Derived from Municipal Solid Waste Combustion in a Small Incinerator

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The experimental study of pollutants derived from municipal solid waste combustion in a small incinerator of waste aims to determine the appropriate waste quantity for combustion in the incinerator, and to investigate the release of pollutants during waste combustion. Municipal solid waste was used in the experiments, and there were three feeding levels: 4, 3, and 2.9 kg/batch. The wood and the fresh waste were applied for co-firing with the dry municipal solid waste. The mass fractions of wood and fresh waste were at 26.7 wt% and 10.3 wt%, respectively. The combustion chamber's internal temperature, the temperature of exhaust gases, and the pollutants, such as carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NO_x), and sulfur dioxide (SO₂), were all factors that were examined. The incinerator was made of steel that was a thickness of 3 mm, a waste feed opening size of 55 x 55 x 55 cm (width x length x depth), and an internal diameter of 25 cm with a height of 90 cm. The study results revealed that the suitable feeding rate was at 2.9 kg/batch, which contained a mixture of fresh waste (10.3 wt%), with the combustion chamber temperature varied in range of 400 - 500 ^oC and the unburned carbon content of 12.3 wt%. The pollutants emitted from waste incineration were at 6,843 ppm of CO, 302 ppm of NO_x, and 574 ppm
of SO₂, which exceeded the pollutant standard limits, especially SO₂, which resulted from the main component of municipal solid waste being plastic in the waste mixture at a ratio of 52.1 wt%.

Bayesian Information Criterion Developed Using Unbiased Estimator for Simultaneous Equations Model

Warangkhana Riansut — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This article introduces a new criterion for selecting a simultaneous equations model based on the Bayesian information criterion. The simultaneous equations model (SEM) is widely used in Statistics and Economics. The main characteristic of SEM is that the dependent variable of one equation can be the independent variable of the remaining equations. The new criterion performs the estimation of the error contemporaneous covariance matrix using the unbiased estimator (UE) instead of the maximum likelihood estimator (MLE) in the system of Bayesian information criterion (SBIC), and the new criterion is called SBIC(UE). The performances of SBIC(UE) and SBIC are compared using the extensive simulation study and the observed L₂ performance. It is found that SBIC(UE) is more efficient than SBIC, with a higher percentage of correct model selections, a higher average of the observed L₂ performance, and a lower standard deviation of the observed L₂ performance. SBIC is more negatively biased than SBIC(UE) because the estimate of the error contemporaneous covariance matrix when using MLE is less than the estimate when using UE, i.e., it is underestimated. For this reason, the efficiency of the SBIC is lower than the SBIC(UE).

An Analysis of Passenger Satisfaction with Public Transportation in Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality Using an Ordinal Logistic Regression Model

๋Jarupong Banthao, Wijai Boonyanusith, Nuanpan Buransri — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to analyze the factors influencing passenger satisfaction with public transportation in Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality and provide information for future improvements to the public transportation system, facilitating connections with the high-speed rail network in the Nakhon Ratchasima urban area. Data were collected through questionnaires from 400 public transport users, and the influencing factors were analyzed using the Ordinal Logistic Regression (OLR) model. The study found that significant factors influencing satisfaction include education level, frequency of travel, type of vehicle used, travel duration, and travel time. Passengers were most satisfied with fare prices relative to distance and the adequacy of bus services, while seat comfort and waiting time received the lowest satisfaction. The study recommends improving seat quality, increasing the number of bus trips, and enhancing safety measures to better meet passenger needs. This research is crucial for planning and improving the public transportation system in Nakhon Ratchasima Municipality to enhance efficiency and increase passenger satisfaction in the future.

On the Diophantine Equation 13^x+a^y=z^3

Suton Tadee — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

In this article, we study the non-negative integer solutions of the Diophantine equation , where is a positive integer and are non-negative integers, by using the basic concepts of congruence and Mihăilescu’s Theorem. These findings indicate that if , then the Diophantine equation has no non-negative integer solution. Moreover, the Diophantine equation has the non-negative integer solution , where and is an integer.

Simulation Analysis of the Reinforced Earthquake Resistance of RC Building Structure Model with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer Using Column Section Enlargement

Pichet Ketsri, Anuchat Leeanansaksiri, Sakchai Srichandum, Rangsi Nanthasan — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aimed to study earthquake resistance model of reinforced concrete building structure strengthened with Glass Fiber Reinforced Polymer (GFRP) by using column section enlargement. The building used in the study was a 4-storey reinforced concrete school building under the Ministry of Education, which was not designed to earthquake resistance. The behavior of the reinforced concrete school building was simulated before and after strengthening with GFRP compared with deformed bars to evaluate capacity of reinforced concrete structure using Nonlinear Static. The study results were found that the capacity level of bare reinforced concrete school building frame (BF) caused failure at the plastic hinge point of reinforced concrete columns on the 2nd to 4th floors of school building, which had behavior of strong beams and weak columns and had more Demand-Capacity Ratio (DCR) value than 1, which could not earthquake resistance. However, when the school building was strengthened with GFRP and deformed bars, it had a capacity to resist at 1.75 and 1.73 times, respectively, comparing to bare reinforced concrete school building frame (BF), and having Demand-Capacity Ratio (DCR) value of reinforcement with GFRP and reinforced with deformed bars with lower value than 1. Therefore, the reinforcement with GFRP was an alternative that could be used to replace deformed bars in earthquake resistance effectively.

Evaluation of Chloride-Induced Corrosion of Reinforced Steel Bars in Concrete Using Half-Cell Potential Method: Factor of Sodium Chloride Solution Amount and Acceleration Period

Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This paper aims to evaluate the chloride-induced corrosion of reinforced steel bars in concrete using the half-cell potential (HCP) method. The corrosion of reinforced steel bars in concrete was examined in connection with the amount of sodium chloride (NaCl) solution and the acceleration period. The differences in NaCl solution amounts of 25 %, 50 %, and 75 % by the height of the concrete sample, acceleration periods of 3, 6, and 9 hours, and concrete covering depths were investigated in this study. Test results found that the corrosion probability of reinforced concrete tended to increase with increasing NaCl solution proportion and acceleration period. Furthermore, an increase in the depth of concrete covering could reduce the corrosion of reinforced steel bars in concrete. According to test results, it is recommended that the NaCl solution amount at 25 % of the height of the concrete sample and the acceleration period at 3 hours are suitable conditions for testing in the laboratory regarding cost-effectiveness and testing period. The average HCP readings of reinforced concrete samples were below -400 mV/CSE at the time of measurement.

Development of Low-fat Ice cream Product from Broken Riceberry Rice Using Fat Substitutes

Phensiri Khongsit, Suworanee Pancharoen — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to develop a low-fat ice cream product from broken riceberry rice by using fat substitutes. The study investigated the appropriate concentration of riceberry rice slurry at 10 %, 20 %, and 30 % (replacing the water component) in the basic riceberry broken rice ice cream formulation. The results showed that a suitable concentration of riceberry rice slurry was 20 %, replacing the water. The study of types and concentrations of fat substitutes for the low-fat ice cream product included Tween 80 (TW), whey protein isolate (WPI), and maltodextrin (MD) at 2 %, 3 %, and 4 %. It was found that ice cream with MD 4 % had the lowest melt rate and the lowest fat content (p0.05), with a fat reduction of 85.19 % compared to the basic formulation. Ice cream with TW 4 % had the highest hardness and viscosity (p0.05), and ice creams with WPI 4 %, MD 3 %, and MD 4 % had the lowest overrun values (p0.05). Sensory testing with 30 consumers aged 15 - 60 revealed that consumers rated their liking for the color, aroma, taste, and overall acceptability of ice creams with WPI 4 %, MD 3 %, and MD 4 % at a moderate level (scoring between 7.22 and 7.61). The study concluded that the appropriate fat substitute for low-fat broken riceberry rice ice cream is 4% maltodextrin (replacing the coconut milk component). The developed low-fat riceberry broken rice ice cream formula includes the following ingredients: coconut milk, maltodextrin, water, riceberry rice slurry, pandan leaf juice, sugar, and salt, at 38.4, 1.6, 28.0, 7.0, 5.0, 19.7, and 0.3%, respectively.

Prediction Models of the Sele-Harm for Psychiatric Patients using Data Mining Techniques

Sopita Samart, Jaree Thongkam — Wed, 30 Apr 2025 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research is to create and compare the effectiveness of a self-harm model for psychiatric patients. The data were collected from Khon Kaen Rajanagarindra Psychiatric Hospital database, Khon Kaen province from January 2019 to December 2021. The records were 4,179 records in total. Gain Ratio and Relief methods were used to select relevant factors for building the prediction models. Naive Bay, Decision tree, Machine support, Deep learning, Partial rule techniques were utilized to build self-harm in psychiatric patients prediction models. In this experiment, 10-fold cross validation was used to divide the data into learning and testing datasets. Accuracy, sensitivity, and specificity were employed to compare the effectiveness of the models. The experimental results showed that selection of factors using the Gain Ratio method when used C4.5 decision tree or machine support vector machine techniques has the same highest accuracy at 84.66 %.