Research on Modern science and Utilizing Technological Innovation Journal (RMUTI Journal)

Development of Marl Soap and Marl Mixed with Butterfly Pea Flower Extract Soap

Piyawan Phansi — 2024-10-31

This research aimed to develop glycerin soap products containing marl, a raw material abundantly produced in Lopburi province, and butterfly pea flower extract (Clitoria ternatea L.). The physical and chemical properties of seven different soap formulations were studied and compared. The results of the study indicated that the soap has no foreign substances. The color values expressed as L*, a* and b* of the marl soap ranged from 62.99±0.40 to 69.50±0.29, 0.26±0.04 to 1.41±0.13, and 8.05±0.23 to 11.73±0.51, respectively. For the soap containing marl and butterfly pea extract, the L*, a*, and b* values ranged from 44.78±1.19 to 55.34±1.51, -11.75±0.01 to -7.78±0.52, and 1.12±0.28 to 2.93±0.60, respectively. The color values for the soap containing marl, butterfly pea, and turmeric extracts, the L*, a*, and b* values were 40.90±0.28, 6.65±0.09, and 27.27±0.44, respectively. All soap formulas exhibited bubble volume values ranging from 72.67±1.53 to 75.00±2.18 mL, bubble durability from 68.50±1.32 to 71.67±2.52 mL, erosion percentage from 15.52±1.78 to 16.57±1.75, and pH values between 9.70 to 9.86. The antioxidant activity of the soap, compared to the ascorbic acid standard, ranged from 2.16±0.11 to 4.65±0.36 AAE/gram of soap. Soap with added butterfly pea extract and turmeric demonstrated higher antioxidant activity than the control soap. The satisfaction assessment results for the soap products and packaging among a sample of 20 people were very
satisfactory. Therefore, the developed soap can be used as a prototype product for the community.

Production of Resistant Starch from Legume Flour by Co-Fermentation and Using Pullulanase and Retrogradation

Suttida Wittanalai — 2024-10-31

This research aimed to investigate the effect of fermentation and using pullulanase and retrogradation time on resistant starch (RS) content and properties of legume flour. The legume flours (mung bean, red kidney bean and soybean) were naturally fermented for 1 day and the fermented legume flours were debranched by hydrolyze the -1,6-Glycosidic Linkages by pullulanase (40 U/g) at 50 ^oC for 12 24 36 and 48 hours. The optimal incubation time with high degree of pullulanase hydrolysis was 24 hours. The fermented debranched flours were then induced at 4 ^oC for 1 3 5 7 and 14 days. The results showed that the optimum retrogradation time was 14 days with high RS content. The modified resistant starch was analyzed its granule structure by Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) and showed that there was not found the granule starch with an irregular shape. The crystalline structure of the modified resistant starch by X-Ray diffractometer (XRD) showed that all 3 kinds of legumes were A-type patterns. It was found from this study that the process used to modify the starch can increase the RS content with the different granule structure and crystalline structure, resulting in a variety of resistant starch that could be applied as food ingredients in healthy foods.

A Study of Slope Stability under Seismic Loads at Navaminda Kasatriyadhiraj Royal Air Force Academy, Mittraphap Subdistrict, Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province

Arissaman Sangthongtong — 2024-10-31

This research studied the stability of soil slopes under seismic loads at Navaminda Kasatriyadhiraj Royal Thai Air Force Academy, Mittraphap Subdistrict, Muak Lek District, Saraburi Province. The objective of this research is to examine the Factor of Safety (F.S.) for slope stability and the displacement behavior of soil layers in both horizontal and vertical directions at a horizontal distance of 2 meters from the slope. This study investigated the stability at three slope inclination levels: 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3 of soil type C (0.0465 g) and type D (0.0656 g) which supported the weight of a 6-story residential building. These slopes were subjected to the impact of seismic loads in terms of the spectral response acceleration, which was calculated by the equivalent static force method according to the Department of Public Works and Town & Country Planning standards (DPT 1301/1302-61). The soil parameters from the Boring Log reports were utilized in the analysis using the two-dimensional finite element method. The soil profile was modeled employing the Mohr-Coulomb approach, comprising clay layers (Undrained model), sand layers (Drained model), and hard soil layers, which were assumed to be tightly bonded and capable of transmitting energy to each other. The results indicated that soil type C has a higher F.S. than soil type D, with the F.S. fluctuating according to the slope inclination ratios of 1:1, 1:2, and 1:3, respectively. In terms of displacement in both directions, soil type D exhibited greater movement than soil type C, with displacement varying according to the slope inclination ratios of 1:3, 1:2, and 1:1, respectively.

Study the Appropriate Value of the Roller Clearance in a 4-Roll Raw Rubber Sheet Rolling Machine

Surasit Phopha — 2024-10-31

This research article aimed to study the clearance of the second finishing roller set of the 4-roll raw rubber sheet rolling machine affecting the period of rolling para rubber sheets and 4-roll raw rubber sheet rolling machine efficiency as well as electrical energy consumption to rolling para rubber sheets. The experiments were carried out with the following roller clearance settings for each press roller set: the first smooth roller set will be set to a clearance of 4.5 mm, the second smooth roller set to 3.0 mm, the first finishing roller set to 2.0 mm, and the second finishing roller set will be to three levels: 1.0, 0.5, and 0.1 mm. respectively. The result found that the 4-roll raw rubber sheet rolling machine can significantly reduce the overall raw rubber sheet rolling time, decreasing rolling time by 82.40 %. The comparisons of the production rate per hour represented the 4-roll raw rubber sheet rolling machine performs a higher rubber rolling rate than the traditional rolling machine, with an average rolling rate of 361.08 sheets per hour. Furthermore, electrical energy consumption was reduced by 58.126 %. Adjusting the clearance of the second finishing roller set to 0.1 mm provides the average thickness of rubber sheets after rolling as 2.14 mm. which is the standard size, and obtains the highest rolling efficiency of 88.24 %.

A Study of Suitable Parameters for Cutting Mild Steel by Using Plasma Machine

Jutasinee Pornputthasri — 2024-10-31

This article described the cutting process for SS400 steel which is a majority structural steel for using in construction work such as building construction bridge construction and automotive industry. This paper focuses on the cutting steel of SS400 using Thermatech model TM1634 and the variable considering in this paper consisted of 1) Air pressure 2) the gap distance between the couple of cutting head and 3) cutting speed. The dimension of the test object is 50 x 50 x 50 mm in term of width length and thickness respectively. In addition, the current and average of roughness of surface (Ra) are determined. For the experimental method, this paper using Orthogonal Array algorithm based on Taguchi method. The experimental results, the deserving values forecasting in term of smaller-the-better can be shown that the cutting steel of SS400 by using Thermatech plasma cutting machine model TM1634 with 5 bar pressure and 35 mm gap distance and 150 mm/s cutting speed is delivered the current is 20.98 A. Moreover, the average of roughness of surface (Ra) is 9.76 with 5 bar air pressure and 40 mm gap distance and 250 mm/s cutting speed.

Effects of Substrate Media on Growth and Yield of Curl Leaf Kale

Prapatsorn Sombatsri — 2024-10-31

The objective of this research was to study the effects of growing media on the growth and yield of curly kale. The experiment was designed using a Completely Randomized Design (CRD) with 9 treatments and 4 replications as follows: 1) Sandy loam soil: cow manure at a ratio of 1:2, 2) Sandy loam soil: coconut coir: cow manure at a ratio of 1:1:2, 3) Sandy loam soil: raw rice husk: cow manure at a ratio of 1:1:2, 4) Sandy loam soil: raw rice husk: coconut coir: cow manure at a ratio of 1:1:1:2, 5) Sandy loam soil: pig manure at a ratio of 1:1, 6) Sandy loam soil: coconut coir: pig manure at a ratio of 1:1:1, 7) Sandy loam soil: raw rice husk: pig manure at a ratio of 1:1:1, 8) Sandy loam soil: raw rice husk: coconut coir: pig manure at a ratio of 1:1:1:1, 9) Sandy loam soil: coconut coir: cow manure: raw rice husk: 16-16-16 fertilizer at a ratio of 1:2:1:1:0.25. The results demonstrated that Treatment 2 yielded the highest growth of curly kale, as indicated by plant height, canopy width, number of leaves, and leaf width and length, measuring 10.13 cm, 21.17 cm, 6.67 leaves, 14.00 cm, and 8.83 cm, respectively. Additionally, it produced the highest fresh weight of the entire plant with roots at 33.84 grams, along with a root weight of 31.85 grams. Therefore, the growing media comprising a mixture of sandy loam soil, coconut coir, and cow manure in a ratio of 1:1:2 was determined to be the most suitable for cultivating curly kale.

Mechanical and Microstructural Properties of Geopolymer Paste from High Calcium Fly Ash Containing Basalt Fiber Powder from Waste Insulation

Adam Saptamongkol — 2024-10-31

In this study, the properties of geopolymer paste from high calcium fly ash replaced by basalt fiber powder from insulation waste at the rates of 0, 10, 20, 30, and 40 wt% were evaluated. The activator with sodium silicate to sodium hydroxide (10 Molar) ratio (NS/NH) at 1.0 and the liquid to binder (L/B) ratio at 0.6 were used. The curing of the paste sample was conducted at room temperature. The setting time, compressive strength, flexural strength, and microstructure were tested. The results showed that all the geopolymer paste mixtures had SiO₂/Al₂O₃ molar ratios between 3.79 and 4.49. The setting time of the paste was prolonged with increasing basalt fiber powder content. This is due to the reduction of calcium silicate hydrate (C-S-H) and calcium (alumino) silicate hydrate (C-(A)-S-H) in the mixture. The compressive strength of 20 % basalt fiber powder paste (BP20) gave the highest compressive strength with the compressive strength of 32.0, 53.6, and 68.0 MPa at the test ages of 7, 28, and 90 days, respectively. The flexural strength increased significantly with the increase in the amount of basalt fiber powder. In addition, replacing fly ash with basalt fiber powder at a ratio not exceeding 20 % helps the gel of geopolymer paste to form more new crystals, resulting in a denser structure that increases the paste's strength.

The Impact of the 8+8+8 Time Allocation Model on Work Productivity and Quality of Life: A Comparative International Case Study

Cholatis Suanoom — 2024-10-31

This study aims to analyze the impact of the 8+8+8 time allocation model (8 hours each forwork, sleep, and life) on work efficiency and quality of life through a cross-country comparative study. The research employs both quantitative and qualitative methods, including mathematical modelingand it is proven through mathematical processes. The findings indicate that the 8+8+8 time allocation model positively correlates with work efficiency and quality of life in many countries. However, cultural and economic differences affect the model's implementation. This study presents recommendations for adapting the model to suit each country's context, aiming to enhance work efficiency and improve the population's quality of life.

Development of Date Fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.) Wine

Kanokwan Tandee — 2024-10-31

Date fruit (Phoenix dactylifera L.), known for its sweetness and nutrition, has been used to develop a low-alcohol wine suitable for health-conscious individuals who enjoy socializing. Current study aimed to select an appropriate yeast strain and to determine optimal conditions such as initial total soluble solids and pH for producing a healthy and appealing date fruit wine. Among seven strains of Saccharomyces cerevisiae examined (71B, BM4x4, ICV-D47, EC-1118, K1-V1116, QA23, RC212), strain K1-V1116 was found to produce a wine with lower pH and alcohol content, higher acidity, total phenolic content, and ferric reducing ability power. Date fruit wine made with strain K1-V1116 also received the highest scores for flavor and overall liking. Further experiments were conducted using date fruit juice with three levels of different initial total soluble solids (5 %, 10 %, and 15 %). The results indicated that 15 % initial total soluble solids produced wine with superior characteristics in terms of total soluble solids, pH, acidity, alcohol content, reducing sugar content, total phenolic content, ABTS radical cation decolorization, ferric reducing ability power compared to lower concentrations. Date fruit wine produced with 15 % initial total soluble solids also received the highest scores for color and overall liking. Additionally, the date fruit juice with 15 % initial total soluble solids was used to produce wine at three levels of pH value (4.0, 4.5, 5.0) and wines produced at pH 4.5 were rated the highest for flavor and overall liking. In conclusion, using S. cerevisiae K1-V1116 to ferment date fruit juice with 15 % initial total solids at pH 4.5 can yield a well-liked, low-alcohol wine.