Research on Modern science and Utilizing Technological Innovation Journal (RMUTI Journal)

Investigation of Physical and Mechanical Properties for Interlocking Paver Block from Foam Waste Binder

2025-04-23T13:15:48+07:00

This study investigates the feasibility of producing interlocking paver blocks using a mixture of sand and dissolved foam binder at varying contents ranging from 10 to 50 wt%. The results indicate that paver blocks could be successfully formed without edge fractures when the foam binder content was within the range of 20 - 40 wt%. As the foam content increased, the samples exhibited improved densification, while porosity and water absorption significantly decreased due to the infiltration of foam into the micropores. Consequently, the compressive strength of the paver blocks improved with higher foam content, reaching a maximum at 40 wt% foam binder. These findings confirm that interlocking paver blocks produced with 20 - 40 wt% foam binder meet the required strength standards, demonstrating the potential of foam waste as an effective alternative binder in sustainable construction applications.

The Development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with 3D Laser Scanner for Rong Kueak Shrine Conservation: A Case Study of Flood Impact Assessment

2024-11-05T15:44:32+07:00

This research focused on the development of Building Information Modeling (BIM) with a 3D laser scanner for the conservation of Rong Kueak Shrine, focusing on a flood impact assessment case study: The Rong Kueak Shrine, situated in Talat Noi, Samphanthawong District, Bangkok that had been experiencing deterioration exacerbated by recurrent flooding. Thus, a BIM model was created by acquiring data through 3D laser scanning, which produced a highly accurate 3D point cloud, with a precision level of 2.9 mm. The data collected were subsequently utilized to construct a BIM model with a Level of Detail (LOD) of 200. Analysis was conducted in conjunction with Digital Elevation Model (DEM) data and flood data provided by the Bangkok Metropolitan Drainage Department, simulating flood levels of 0.1, 0.3, 0.5, 0.8, and 0.5 m., referencing the lowest elevation benchmarks within the study area to estimate potential damages. The assessment evaluated the extent of damage sustained by Rong Kueak Shrine to estimate the associated repair costs. Results revealed that at a flood level of 0.1 m, the damaged area encompassed 197.79 sq.m. At 0.3 m., the damage expanded to 477.43 sq.m. For flood levels of 0.5, 0.8, and 1 m., the damage affected totaling approximately 987.33 sq.m. The estimated damage cost at 0.1 m. was 44,502.75 THB, increasing by approximately 41.43 % and 832.58 % at 0.3 and 0.5 m., respectively. The damage cost remained constant until the 0.8 m. level and increased by approximately 902.78 % at the 1 m. level due to the added cost of electrical system repairs. The calculated damage costs can be used to plan improvements, construction, or repairs by responsible authorities or related parties. Additionally, this information supports the development of preventive measures and strategies for the enhanced conservation of the heritage site.

Behaviors of Precast Concrete Beam-Column Joints Under Dynamic Loading

2024-12-17T13:27:39+07:00

This paper presents the behavior of precast concrete beam-column joints under dynamic loading, Compares two types of beam-column joints: cast in place beam-column joints (CCJ) and precast beam-column joints with plate and tube (PCPT). The experimental setup consists of square columns (150 × 150 mm, height 450 mm) and rectangular beams (150 × 250 mm, length 500 mm on both sides of the column). The PCPT joints incorporate a rectangular steel tube (100 × 50 mm, 4.5 mm thickness, 300 mm length) at the joints. Static loading at the column's midspan and dynamic loading at 40 % 60 % and 80 % of the static load, with frequencies of 1.0 - 5.0 Hz, were applied. The results reveal that the ultimate static load capacities of CCJ and PCPT were 225.90 kN and 193.04 kN, respectively. Under dynamic loading, cracking increased proportionally with load ratio and frequency. The PCPT joints demonstrated superior performance under 80 % load at a frequency of 5.0 Hz, sustaining 200 cycles. Finite element analysis calibrated against experimental results showed maximum static load capacities of 234.86 kN for CCJ and 205.90 kN for PCPT, with deviations of 3.96 % and 6.66 % from the experimental results, respectively. The test results indicate that reinforcing beam-column joints of precast concrete with steel tube can be developed to enhance the performance of the joints in resisting dynamic loads over extended periods under service loading, compared to cast in place beam-column joints.

Development of Packaging for Mango Nam Dok Mai from Sugarcane Leaf Fibers and Residue Asparagus

2025-04-10T11:11:16+07:00

This research aims to study the preparation of fruit packaging made from sugarcane leaf fibers and asparagus residue for packaging Nam Dok Mai mangoes. It examines different ratios of sugarcane leaf fibers and asparagus residue. The sugarcane leaf fibers were prepared using 10 % w/v sodium hydroxide at a temperature of 80 - 90 ^oC for 2 hours. The fibers were then bleached with 25 % v/v hydrogen peroxide for 1 hour. Meanwhile, the asparagus residue was dried in a hot air oven at 50 ^oC for 24 hours to obtain asparagus residue powder. The functional groups of the bleached sugarcane leaf fibers were analyzed using FTIR to confirm the presence of cellulose. Next, prepare the ratio for molding fruit packaging from sugarcane leaf fibers to asparagus powder, including 0:30 (S0A30), 10:20 (S10A20), 20:30 (S20A10), and 30:0 (S30A0) in grams. The fruit packaging was then molded based on the average dimensions of ripe Nam Dok Mai mangoes using a plaster mold. The samples were analyzed for their physical, chemical, and mechanical properties, including thickness, water absorption, water solubility, moisture absorption, compression test, puncture resistance, shear resistance, and biodegradability. The results indicated that the optimal ratio for packaging preparation was 20 grams of sugarcane leaf fiber to 10 grams of asparagus residue powder (S20A10). This ratio yielded the best overall physical, chemical, and mechanical properties. The resulting packaging had a smooth and uniform surface, low water absorption, water solubility, and moisture uptake. Additionally, it exhibited good compressive strength, puncture resistance, and shear resistance. Biodegradability testing through soil burial showed a decomposition rate 6.36 % over a period of 3 months. Therefore, the prototype fruit packaging made from asparagus residue and sugarcane leaf fibers can be used for packaging Nam Dok Mai mangoes and other related applications.

Trend Analysis of CO2 Emissions in the Transport Sector Using Data Mining Algorithms

2025-04-08T15:42:05+07:00

Analyzing trends in carbon dioxide (CO₂) emissions in the transportation sector is a critical issue that impacts both the environment and human health. This research focuses on the application of data mining techniques— amely clustering, linear regression analysis, and random forest—to group and predict future CO₂ emission trends. Historical fuel consumption data was used as the primary input for analysis. The performance of each technique was evaluated using metrics such as Mean Absolute Error (MAE), Root Mean Square Error (RMSE), and the coefficient of determination (R²). The results revealed that the random forest technique provided the highest accuracy, achieving an R² of 97.14 %. In comparison, linear regression and clustering yielded R² values of 86.58 % and 51.14 %. These findings highlight the potential of the random forest algorithm as an effective tool for forecasting carbon emissions to support greenhouse gas reduction planning efforts.

Utilization of Waste Materials Rubberwood Bottom Ash in the Production of Hollow Non-Load-Bearing Concrete Masonry Unit

2025-04-21T08:34:37+07:00

This study aims to evaluate the feasibility of using rubberwood bottom ash (RWBA) as an aggregate in the production of non-load-bearing hollow concrete blocks. The investigation involves replacing 25 % and 50 % by weight of stone dust with rubberwood bottom ash. Five mixtures of hydraulic cement to aggregate by weight were tested: 1:6, 1:7, 1:8, 1:9, and 1:10. Each mixture was further analyzed at three different water-to-cement (W/C) ratios: 0.50, 0.60, and 0.70, resulting in a total of 45 mixtures. Mixtures at 28-days curing age with average compressive strength exceeding 4.14 MPa were selected for the production of hollow concrete blocks. These blocks were subsequently tested for compliance with the Thai Industrial Standard TIS 58-2560, assessing density, water absorption, average compressive strength, and thermal conductivity. The results revealed that only five mixtures met the standard criteria: Mix ratio 1:6 with 75 % stone dust and 25 % RWBA at W/C ratios of 0.6 and 0.7, Mix ratio 1:6 with equal proportions (50 %) of stone dust and RWBA at a W/C ratio of 0.7, and Mix ratio 1:7 with 75 % stone dust and 25 % RWBA at W/C ratios of 0.6 and 0.7. Among these, the optimal mixture was identified as the mix ratio 1:6 with 50 % stone dust and 50 % RWBA at a W/C ratio of 0.7. This mixture not only allowed for the highest replacement rate of RWBA (50 %) but also exhibited the lowest thermal conductivity at 0.863 W/m·K. The findings indicate a high potential for utilizing rubberwood bottom ash as a partial replacement for fine aggregates in the production of non-load-bearing hollow concrete blocks. This approach contributes to the development of environmentally friendly construction materials.

Solving Short Shot Defect by Designing Air Vents in Plastic Injection Molds for Coffee Cups with Biodegradable Material

2025-05-01T10:28:46+07:00

This research addresses issues in plastic injection molding, particularly the occurrence of short shot defects, which significantly impact the quality of the produced parts. These defects arise from several critical factors, such as the material's properties used in the injection process, the complexity of the part design, and inadequate mold design. This study proposed a solution by designing an air vent system within the plastic injection mold, specifically for manufacturing coffee cups made from biodegradable materials. In this system design, two air vents were installed in the mold: the main air vent with a depth of 0.05 mm and a width of 2 mm, and the secondary air vent with a depth of 0.1 mm and a width of 10 mm, which help to vent the air generated at the final melt point of the plastic. The relevant parameters of the injection process were set as follows: injection pressure at 54 bar, injection speed rate at 40 cm³/s, clamping force at 100 Tons, melt temperature at 200 ^oC, and mold temperature at 90 ^oC. The experimental results showed that properly and efficiently designed air vent system design in the mold can significantly reduce the occurrence of incomplete injection defects, resulting in high-quality parts and reducing production losses. Therefore, this research is an important guideline for the development and improvement of future plastic injection mold designs, focusing on air vent system in the mold to increase production efficiency.

Bacteria and Nutrients in Fermented Bio-extracts from Aromatic Coconut Husk

2025-04-29T16:55:44+07:00

This study aimed to analyze the characteristics of bio-extracts from discarded fresh aromatic coconut husk using different microbial seeds, super PD.2 and PD.7 for 30 days. The bio-extracts were analyzed for microbial community and the variation of pH, electrical conductivity, tannin, and nutrient composition. The results showed that the bio-extract using PD.2 predominantly contained Lactobacillales of 80 %, while the bio-extract using PD.7 contained Bacillales of 53 % and Lactobacillales of 24 %. The bio-extract contained macro and micronutrients at levels comparable to soilless plant nutrient formulas, except for nitrogen content. Moreover, tannin was detected in both bio-extracts. Therefore, the bio-extracts from coconut husks may be used in agriculture to improve soil quality. In addition, it contains anti-microbial and beneficial microorganisms.

Engineering and Microstructure Properties of Cellular Lightweight Mortar from Recycled Glass mixed with Alkali-activated Fly Ash

2025-05-13T10:08:00+07:00

This research aimed to investigate the use of the ground recycled glass (RG), a by-product from glass bottle process and the coal fly ash (FA), a by-product of the electricity generation process through coal combustion. These materials were used to produce the cellular lightweight mortar from the ground glass waste mixed with alkali-activated FA. The effect of sodium hydroxide (NaOH) solution concentration of 1, 3, 5, and 7 M, liquid alkaline activator (L) content to FA ratio of 0.6, 0.7, and 0.8 with the air foam content (Ac) of 1, 3, and 5 % by weight of FA on 7 days cured age to the engineering and microstructure properties were evaluated. The lowest unit weight of the samples was observed with a NaOH concentration of 1 molar, with L/FA ratio of 0.8 and the Ac content were 5 % by weight of FA. In contrast, the maximum compressive strength of the samples was 23.8 MPa with NaOH concentration of 7 molars, L/FA ratio of 0.6 and the Ac content was 0 %. When compared to Thai Industrial Standards (TIS), the optimal ratio for C10-type lightweight blocks was a NaOH concentration of 1 molar, L/FA ratio of 0.6 and the Ac content were 3 % by weight of FA. Meanwhile, the optimal ratio for C12-type lightweight blocks was a NaOH concentration of 1 molar, L/FA ratio of 0.6 and the Ac content was 1 % by weight of FA. The microstructure analysis revealed that increasing the NaOH solution concentration and L/FA ratio resulted in higher production of calcium aluminosilicate hydrate (C-A-S-H) coexisting with the geopolymer gel (NASH). However, the geopolymerization products decreased with the air foam content increased. This is attributed to the foam acting as a surfactant and plasticizer coating the particle surfaces.

Development and Enhancement of Krajood Basketry Handicraft Using a Combined Heating Krajood Fiber Rolling Machine

2025-05-14T14:22:22+07:00

This study aims to design, construct, and evaluate the performance of a co-heating sedge thread rolling machine to support the development and improvement of sedge weaving handicrafts. The machine has dimensions of 450 mm in width, 850 mm in length, and 700 mm in height. It is powered by a 24 V, 350 W DC motor that drives pulleys connected to a belt, transmitting power to six sets of rollers designed for sedge compression. The rollers have a diameter of 76 mm, and the shafts have a diameter of 25 mm, with a total of 12 rollers. The heating system utilizes a 220 V, 650 W heating rod equipped with a temperature sensor to ensure precise control of the heat level. The experimental parameters included three rotational speeds: 10, 20, and 30 rpm, and three rolling temperatures: 50, 70, and 90 ^oC. The results demonstrated that the optimal operating conditions were achieved at a rotational speed of 10 rpm and a temperature of 90 ^oC. Under these conditions, there was no thread breakage, and the desired sedge thread thickness was consistently produced. The machine achieved a production rate of 6.9 kg/hr, which is twice the efficiency of manual labor 3.6 kg/hr. The average sedge thread thickness was measured at 0.31 mm.