Life Sciences and Environment Journal

Editorial Note

Thunwadee Srithawirat — 2024-06-25

วารสาร Life Sciences and Environment Journal ซึ่งเป็นวารสารวิชาการที่อยู่ในฐานข้อมูลการตีพิมพ์การอ้างอิงของวารสารระดับประเทศในกลุ่มอาเซียน (ASEAN Citation Index: ACI) และฐานข้อมูลระดับชาติ จากศูนย์ดัชนีการอ้างอิงวารสารไทย (Thai Journal Citation Index: TCI) กลุ่ม 1

วารสาร Life Sciences and Environment Journal ปีที่ 25 ฉบับที่ 1 (ประจำเดือนมกราคม - มิถุนายน 2567) ได้พิจารณาคัดเลือกผลงานที่มีคุณภาพ ครอบคลุมสาขาด้านวิทยาศาสตร์การเกษตรและวิทยาศาสตร์ชีวภาพ ด้านวิทยาศาสตร์สิ่งแวดล้อม ด้านวิทยาศาสตร์สุขภาพ และด้านสหวิทยาการทางด้านวิทยาศาสตร์ จำนวนทั้งสิ้น 20 บทความ ซึ่งผ่านการประเมินโดยผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิพิจารณาคุณภาพบทความ (Peer Review) ซึ่งเป็นผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิภายนอกจากหลากหลายสถาบัน จำนวน 3 ท่าน จึงทำให้แต่ละบทความล้วนมีคุณค่าทางวิชาการ และสามารถนำไปใช้เป็นเอกสารอ้างอิงเพื่อการผลิตผลงานทางวิชาการได้

กองบรรณาธิการและคณะกรรมการจัดทำวารสารฯ มหาวิทยาลัยราชภัฏพิบูลสงคราม ขอขอบคุณผู้ทรงคุณวุฒิพิจารณาคุณภาพบทความ ตลอดจนผู้อ่านและผู้สนใจทุกท่านที่ติดตามผลงานที่ตีพิมพ์ในวารสาร นำผลงานไปอ้างอิงหรือส่งต้นฉบับเพื่อตีพิมพ์ในวารสารนี้ กองบรรณาธิการหวังเป็นอย่างยิ่งว่าจะได้รับเกียรติและความอนุเคราะห์จากท่านในโอกาสต่อไป

STRUCTURAL EQUATION MODELING OF FACTOR AFFECTING SMALL THAI FABRIC PRODUCT ENTERPRISES IN THAI SOUTHERN BORDER PROVINCE

Nopparat Rattanapong — 2024-04-09

The objectives of this study were 1) to investigate the factors affecting the operating efficiency of small enterprises producing Thai fabric products in the southern border provinces of Thailand and 2) to analyze the structural equation modeling of the factors affecting operating efficiency. Small enterprises work on Thai fabric products in the southern border provinces of Thailand. A combination of quantitative and qualitative research was used for the study. For the quantitative research, 340 business owners, managers or directors of small businesses working on Thai fabric in the southern border provinces of Thailand were interviewed. The instruments used in the study included interviews, questionnaires, and observation questionnaires. Reliability and validity were assessed and scored 0.912. The statistics used for data analysis are mean and standard deviation, structural equation modeling, causal influence analysis, and confirmatory component analysis of latent variables. The statistics used in the data analysis are mean and standard deviation. Structural equation modeling, causal influence analysis and confirmatory component analysis of the latent variables. The results of the study show that the structural equation modeling of factors affecting the operating efficiency of small firms producing Thai fabric products in the southern border provinces. It consists of three latent variables that are independent variables, namely internal factors (INF), external factors (EXF), and entrepreneurship (ENT), and one latent variable that is the dependent variable, namely labor efficiency (EFF). The structural equation modeling (SEM) analysis yielded the following index values: Chi-square = 7.554, Chi-square/df = 1.511, df = 5, P = 0.183, CFI = 0.995, RMR = 0.028, GFI =0. 978, RMSEA = .034, and each observed variable is statistically significant at the 0.05 level, indicating that the indicator or observed variable with a value between 0.45-0.69 reliably represents the group of latent variables.

CHEMICAL COMPOSITIONS AND BIOACTIVE COMPOUNDS OF LEMONGRASS ESSENTIAL OILS AGAINST MICROBIAL PATHOGEN AND DRUG-RESISTANT EXTENDED SPECTRUM ß-LACTAMASE (ESBL) PRODUCING GRAM-NEGATIVE

Sirimaporn Watcharakul — 2024-04-09

The purpose of this study was to investigate and analyze the chemical compositions and major components of essential oils extracted from lemongrass leaves in the Sathing Phra Peninsula, Songkhla Province. Lemongrass was extracted by steam distillation, and its chemical composition was analyzed using Gas Chromatography Mass Spectrometry (GC-MS). It was discovered that the extracted essential oil contained up to 260 different chemical components, with important substances unique to the chemistry of lemongrass essential oil found in the monoterpene group, both terpene aldehyde and terpene alcohol in the form of citral, neral, geranial, geraniol, and others. In addition, there was a study of the effectiveness of lemongrass essential oil against six strains of pathogenic bacteria and drug-resistant bacteria, such as Escherichia coli ATCC 25923, Staphylococcus aureus SP1, Streptococcus pyogenes SV1, Escherichia coli A3 (ESBLs), Pseudomonas aeruginosa A2 (ESBLs), Klebsiella pneumoniae A1 (ESBLs). The disc diffusion assay method discovered that the extracted lemongrass essential oil had antimicrobial properties, with the most effective strain being S. pyogenes, which had an zone of inhibition size of 34.55±0.25 millimeters and could against all three strains of drug-resistant pathogens, with the highest efficiency against E. coli A3 (ESBLs), which had an inhibition zone size of 11.38±0.99 millimeters and inhibition zone size of Inhibits resemble to K. pneumoniae A1 (ESBLs), which has a size of 9.99±0.25 millimeters.

EVALUATING THE SAFETY OF RICE CULTIVARS VIA THE BIOACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS UNDER AGROCHEMICAL-INTENSIVE PRACTICES IN PHITSANULOK PROVINCE

Piyada Wachirawongsakorn — 2024-04-09

The objectives of this research were to study the paddy soil properties and assess heavy metal contamination in paddy soil and rice grains in fields where five rice varieties, namely, RD41, RD49, RD51, RD79 and RD85 were cultivated. Paddy soil and rice grain samples were randomly collected from the same plots belonging to individual farmers, with three samples obtained for each rice variety, resulting in a total of 15 sample plots within Phitsanulok province. The heavy metal contents were quantified by using a flame atomic absorption spectrometer. The bioaccumulation factors of heavy metals in these rice varieties were subsequently evaluated. The results indicated that paddy soil exhibits a suitable soil texture and pH level, with adequate quantities of organic matter and potassium for rice cultivation. However, the nitrogen and phosphorus contents were presented in relatively low, necessitating soil quality improvement to enhance rice growth. Regarding heavy metal contamination in the paddy soil, these contamination levels did not exceed the specified standards. The contamination levels ranked as follows: Mn > Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd, with ranged between 76.35-240.88, 27.14-209.74, 1.70-28.11, 2.37-17.90, and 3.87-6.29 mg/kg, respectively. In terms of heavy metal contamination in rice grains, only the amount of Pb contamination in the RD41 rice variety was found to exceed the standard criteria announced by the Ministry of Public Health (≤0.2 mg/kg). Nevertheless, none of the rice varieties were classified as hyperaccumulators, as their Bioaccumulation Factors (BAF) consistently remained below 1.

PLANT GROWTH PROMOTING ACTIVITIES OF ACTINOMYCETES ISOLATED FROM MEALWORM FRASS AND SUPERWORM FRASS

Thipphayachat Konsiriphinyo — 2024-04-09

Actinomycetes are recognized as the plant growth promoting bacteria (PGPB).
A total of 24 actinomycetes were isolated from mealworm frass and superworm frass. The evaluation of plant growth promoting activities of these actinomycetes found that 22 isolates were able to produce the enzyme ACC Deaminase, 18 isolates were able to produce siderophore, eight isolates were able to solubilize phosphate and 20 isolates were capable of producing high amount of IAA plant hormone (23.59 – 309.15 µg/ml), effectively promoting the root growth of Pathum Thani 1 rice seeds by increasing root length and volume compared to control and non IAA-producing isolates. However, among these, only six isolates (TM1, TM4, TM6, TM8, ZA1, and ZA3) exhibited positive results in all tested biochemical activities. Based on nucleotide sequence analysis and the phylogenetic relationship of the partial 16S rRNA gene, these six isolates were identified as belonging to the genus Streptomyces. These findings could be promising for utilizing worm frass directly as organic fertilizer or isolating actinomycetes as bio-fertilizer substances to enhance plant growth.

THERMAL EFFICIENCY OF GREENHOUSE SOLAR DRYER FOR DRYING STICKY RICE (RD6) AND HEAT TRANSFER MODELING

Jagrapan Piwsaoad — 2024-04-09

This research presents the experimental performance of greenhouse solar dryers and heat transfer modeling of greenhouse solar dryers for drying sticky rice. Five batches of sticky rice were dried; for each batch, we used 5,000 kilograms of sticky rice. The parameters used in the heat transfer model are solar radiation, air temperature, relative humidity and airflow rate. The numerical solution was programmed in C⁺⁺. The results showed that the moisture content, Root mean square error and determination coefficient ; 0.4741 and 0.9859 respectively. The thermal efficiency of the greenhouse solar dryer was between 24.0%-27.0%.

ACCUMULATION OF HEAVY METALS AND THEIR BIOAVAILABILITY IN SEDIMENTS FROM BANDON BAY, SURAT THANI PROVINCE

Marisa Intawongse — 2024-04-09

This research aimed to investigate the accumulation of heavy metals and their bioavailability in sediments collected from the Bandon Bay, Surat Thani Province. The samples were randomly collected from 10 sampling locations in coastal area of Bandon Bay. The samples were digested by a microwave system followed by elemental quantitation using inductively coupled plasma-optical emission spectrometry (ICP-OES). The total amounts found in the sediment, in descending order were: Zn > Pb > Cu > Cd with the mean concentrations of 59.520, 8.163, 2.838 and 0.216 mg/kg dry weight, respectively. When compared to the quality standards for coastal marine sediment and the standards set by the Environmental Protection Agency of the United States, it was found that the levels of all four heavy metals found in the sediment are below the specified standards. Therefore, it can be concluded that the sediment from the mentioned source has an environmentally safe level of heavy metal accumulation. In studying the bioavailability of heavy metals in sediment, the sequential extraction method is employed to assess the potential release of each type of heavy metal from the sediment into water sources and its uptake into the cells of aquatic organisms. It was found that the levels can be ranked in descending order as follows: Cd > Zn > Cu > Pb. Cadmium (mostly 70.6-78.4%) is predominantly in forms soluble in water/exchangeable ions/capable of forming complexes with carbonate. For zinc and copper, they are in forms soluble in water/exchangeable ions/capable of forming complexes with carbonate, with percentages of 33.6-50.4 and 10.5-26.5, respectively. Meanwhile, lead fraction in the sediment is mostly in forms ready to be released into the water in the smallest quantity (3.9-9.9%).

ANTIBACTERIAL ACTIVITY AGAINST STAPHYLOCOCCUS AUREUS AND ANTIOXIDATION OF MEDICINAL PLANT EXTRACT

Siwapong Tansuwanwong — 2024-04-11

The study of antibacterial activity against Staphylococcus aureus and antioxidation of medicinal plant extract was done by three medicinal plants which selected from Thai traditional medicine textbooks, namely Rhinacanthus nasutus (L.) Kurz, Piper betle L. and Cassia fistula L. They were extracted using water and 80% ethanol. The extractions determined antibacterial activity against S. aureus by agar disc diffusion at 10 and 100 mg/mL. The results showed the highest activity of 100 mg/mL 80% ethanol extract of Piper betle L. leaves to inhibit bacterial growth with an inhibition diameter of 2.45±0.08 cm. The minimum inhibition concentration (MIC) and minimum bactericidal concentration (MBC) were determined. The MBC to MIC ratio of Piper betle L. leaves water extract was 0.50, which showed the highest bactericidal activity compared with other medicinal plant extract. While the 80% ethanol extract of Piper betle L. leaves, Cassia fistula L. leaves and water extract of Cassia fistula L. leaves showed the MBC to MIC ratio of 8.01, 16.03 and 32.05, respectively. Those represented the bacteriostatic activity. Moreover, the antioxidants of all extracts were detected by a DPPH assay. Water extract of Piper betle L. leaves showed the highest antioxidant activity with IC₅₀ 3.12±0.06 mg/mL. This research data supported the use of medicinal plants in skin disease treatment by Thai traditional medicine. It also showed the opportunity to develop medicinal plant products.

EFFECT OF WASTE ACTIVATED SLUDGE AND PALM FIBER RATIO ON QUALITY OF COMPOST

Palakorn Boonsai — 2024-04-17

Waste activated sludge (WAS) and palm fibers are classified as industrial waste with a high amount of nutrients and organic matter. This research is investigated the effect of 6 ratios of WAS to palm fiber at 100:0, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, 60:40 and 50:50 by weight for 60 days. The results showed that all ratios of compost had physical properties in accordance with the standard for organic fertilizer of the Department of Agriculture. While the chemical properties, the cadmium content was found to be in the range of 4.6 to 8.3 mg/kg, which exceeds the standards and tends to increase as the proportion of WAS increases. The 70:30 ratio achieved the highest germination index (83.10%), which differed significantly from the other ratios. In conclusion, a compost ratio 70:30 is deemed most suitable for producing compost from WAS and palm fiber, meeting germination index standards. However, the slightly elevated cadmium content indicates the need for improved fermentation methods, possibly by using the proportion of WAS less than 50 %, sludge pretreatment to reduce cadmium before fermentation is a consideration and it is recommended to increase the type of materials used in co-fermentation. In addition, the long-term use of this compost on plants should be studied regarding its effects on the food chain and the environment.

EFFECT OF TEMPERATURE ON DRYING RATE, PHYTOCHEMICALS AND ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITIES IN VITEX GLABRATA R. BR. FRUIT

Thipwarin Rimlamduan — 2024-04-17

This research aimed to study the optimum temperature for drying Vitex glabrata R. Br. Fruit by drying rate, phytochemicals, and antioxidant activities at 45, 55 and 65°C for 15 hours. The sample for drying rate analysis was organized by sampling every hour in the first 5 hours and afterwards every 2 hours until the 15th hour. The result showed that drying V. glabrata R. Br. fruit at all drying temperatures rapidly decreased the moisture ratio in the 1st to 5th hours. Drying at 65°C for 5 hours indicated the highest drying rate of 11.64 ±0.01 g water/g dry matter/hr (P ³0.05). The drying rates of V. glabrata R. Br. fruit at three temperatures for 15 hours ranged from 3.33±0.01 to 5.30±0.09 g water/g dry matter/hr. The phenolic content of V. glabrata R. Br. fruit dried at 45, 55, and 65°C had similar values between 291.92±13.87 and 313.39±24.90 mg GAE/g DW (P<0.05). V. glabrata R. Br. fruit dried at 65°C revealed the highest total anthocyanin at 371.21±16.26. µg CGE/g DW. The antioxidant activity test of V. glabrata R. Br. fruit dried at all drying temperatures by DPPH and FRAP methods showed similar values (P<0.05) between 80.47±0.08 to 80.64±0.05 mg GAE/g DW and 7.21±0.16 to 8.32±0.30 µg Trolox/g DW. However, V. glabrata R. Br. fruit dried at 65°C, and the antioxidant activity test by ABTS assay had the lowest value (P ³0.05).

FACTORS AFFECTING FARMERS’ ADOPTION OF QUALITY NAMWA BANANAS PRODUCTION, NAM PHAI SUBDISTRICT, NAM PAT DISTRICT, UTTARADIT PROVINCE

Kamonsorn Limsommut — 2024-04-17

This research aimed to study personal information, economics and information and the factors affecting farmers' acceptance of quality banana production methods in Nam Phai Subdistrict, Nam Pat District, Uttaradit Province. The research population consisted of farmers who produced Namwa bananas in the area. There were 3,989 people in total. The sample group consisted of farmers who had produced Namwa bananas in the area for at least two years and were willing to cooperate in this research. The sample size was determined using the G*power program to be 276 people, and then random sampling was carried out for each stratum using a simple random sampling method (Simple Random Sampling). The research found that farmers have an average age of 52 years with an education level higher than primary school. The average experience of growing bananas was seven years. The average number of workers in the household was three people. Most of them are hired workers at 99.60 percent. The average area for growing bananas was eight rai. The average income was 31,782 baht per year. The average production cost was 9,333 baht per year. On average, they attended training courses twice a year, received information about producing quality bananas at 50.00 percent, and were supported by various agencies at 48. 90 percent. On the attitude level, the highest level was using leaf binders, which led to less fertilizer, followed by the production of bananas using quality-focused methods, which increased the number of products and was not complicated, and the production made better soil drainage. The farmer’s average knowledge level was 14 out of 20 points. On the acceptance level, it was found that harvesting correctly can reduce damage, and proper post-harvest management of bananas is essential. Choosing banana varieties that are suitable for the soil can increase yield. Soil improvement was shown after the soil analysis. The methods of choosing good banana varieties affected the quality of bananas. Leaf pruning affected banana quality. The factors that significantly affected the acceptance of quality banana production methods at 0.05 included level of education, workers number, training, information receiving, agencies support receiving, attitude and level of production knowledge.

EFFECT OF UREA FERTILIZER APPLICATION ON GROWTH AND YIELD COMPONENTS OF HYBRID SWEET CORN ‘SONGKLA 84–1’

Pheeraphan Thongplew — 2024-05-01

This research aimed to study the effect of urea fertilizer application at different rates on the growth and yield components of sweet corn hybrid. ‘Songkhla 84–1’ in Phitsanulok province. The experimental design was a Randomized Complete Block Design (RCBD) with three urea fertilizer rates of 0, 40, and 80 kg/rai. The results showed that application of urea fertilizer at rates of 40 kg/rai (recommended rate) and 80 kg/rai promoted hybrid sweet corn ‘Songkhla 84–1’, which has high growth and yield components both in quantity and quality when compared to not adding urea fertilizer (0 kg/rai). Increasing the rate of urea fertilizer affects the plant heights at 28 to 49 days after planting However, no significant difference was found in the days of tasseling or silking. For yield quantitative, this results in differences in ear weight, ear width, and kernel row. However, all rates of urea fertilizer had no difference in yield quality in terms of sweetness from the trial in this study area.

EFFICIENCY STUDY OF AIR FILTERS COATED BY TITANIUM DIOXIDE – REDUCED GRAPHENE OXIDE COMPOSITE FOR PM2.5 REMOVAL

Dusadee Khamboonrueang — 2024-05-01

This research will study the efficiency of air filters coated with titanium dioxide – reduce graphene oxide composite for removing PM2.5 dust. To compare the efficiency of air filter paper coated with titanium dioxide - reducing graphene oxide in various ratios (TiO₂100%, TiO₂-RGO25%, TiO₂-RGO50% and RGO100%) and uncoated filter paper. The experiment used air filters coated with such sample composite and without coating to remove dust into the vacuum box with a volume of 18 liters and an air flow rate of 0.045 liters per second. The dust PM2.5 concentration inside the box starts at 600 micrograms per cubic meter. During the dust removal experiment, the concentration of dust inside the chamber was measured every 5 seconds until the dust concentration remained constant without further reduction.The experimental results showed that Air filter paper coated with TiO₂-RGO50% has the fastest efficiency in removing PM2.5, with an average removal time of PM2.5 of 253.33 seconds. Comparing the coated filter papers with uncoated ones reveals that the TiO₂-RGO50% coated paper outperforms the uncoated paper by 50.98%. Additionally, TiO₂-RGO25%, TiO₂100%, and RGO100% coated papers perform better than uncoated papers by 40.00%, 26.33%, and 22.22%, respectively. These test results indicate that air filter sheets coated with titanium dioxide-RGO composite are suitable for air purification systems targeting PM 2.5 removal.

APPLICATION OF CARBOXYMETHYL CELLULOSE FROM DURIAN RIND FOR MAINTAINING THE QUALITY OF MANGO FRUITS (MANGIFERA INDICA LINN.) CV. NAMDOKMAI SRI TONG

Sujitra Ruengdechawiwat — 2024-05-14

This research aimed to use etherification to extract carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) from the rind of durian fruits to coat mango fruits (Mangifera indica Linn.) cv. Namdokmai Sri Tong and maintain their quality. The process involved extracting cellulose in a base and using hydrogen peroxide for bleaching. Monochloroacetic acid (MCA) was used to react with the extracted cellulose. The results found that the suitable conditions for preparing CMC were 20.0 percent sodium hydroxide (NaOH) and 10.0 grams of MCA. The substitution degree (DS) was 0.12.The characteristic analysis of the extracted CMC was identified using a Fourier transform infrared spectroscopy. It was found that the functional group, importantly, corresponds to commercial CMC. The obtained CMC sheet can completely degrade using soil embedding methods within 60 hours. The water vapor permeability (WVP) test results showed that CMC and glycerol affected the film properties. Increasing CMC content, water vapor permeability (WVP) of the film decreased. While increasing the amount of glycerol will cause increased water vapor permeability because glycerol has the property of being a moisture absorbent. The appropriate ratio of CMC and glycerol was 3 %w/v of CMC and the glycerol content was 0.25 %w/v. The prepared CMC can be applied as the mango fruits (Mangifera indica Linn.) cv. Namdokmai Sri Tong coating film to extend the shelf life.

HOUSEHOLD FOOD WASTE MANAGEMENT BEHAVIOR IN SOURNTHERN THAILAND

Peeranart Kiddee — 2024-05-20

Food waste is one of the crises that many countries are concerned about in achieving Sustainable Development Goal 12. This research aims to survey and study consumption behavior, food waste management, and the influencing factors in food waste management behavior. This study was survey research. Questionnaires were used as research tools. The sample was randomly selected from 400 people across 14 provinces in southern Thailand. The statistics used descriptive statistics, including frequency, percentage, mean, standard deviation and ANOVA. The results show that individuals in the southern region generated 100-500 grams of food waste per capita per day related to cooking and consumption. The respondents showed moderate levels of prevention, optimization, and disposal behaviors, whereas they exhibited low levels of recycling food waste recovery. Moreover, gender is identified as a significant factor affecting food waste management behavior. Adopting adaptive behaviors leads to a reduction in food waste, aligning with sustainable development goals.

DIVERSITY OF AQUATIC INSECTS IN RICE FIELD, PHITSANULOK PROVINCE

Waraporn Phalee — 2024-06-11

The study aims to study the diversity of aquatic insects in rice fields in Phitsanulok Province. A total of 20,984 specimens of aquatic insects were collected by using a sweep net. These aquatic insects were classified into three main orders: Odonata, Hemiptera, and Coleoptera, comprising 12 families. The highest number of insects was found in the order Hemiptera, with the family Notonectidae being the most abundant. Following that were the orders Odonata and Coleoptera. The analysis of the Shannon-Wiener’s Index (H’) and evenness (J’) for all collected aquatic insects in the rice fields showed values of 2.800 and 0.281, respectively. Among the districts in Phitsanulok Province, Mueang Phitsanulok had the highest biodiversity and evenness values, with 2.817 and 0.283, respectively. The month with the highest biodiversity and evenness values was July, with values of 2.834 and 0.285, respectively. The results of this study can be used as baseline data for planning and managing rice fields sustainably to preserve biodiversity in the future.

EVALUATION OF ANTIOXIDANT ACTIVITY AND PHYTOCHEMICALS EFFECTS OF FRUIT-INFUSED TAGETES ERECTA KOMBUCHA BEVERAGE

Wanatporn Luenloi — 2024-06-14

Kombucha is a drink that is rich in antioxidants and contains probiotics. The objective of this research is to study the kombucha Marigold formula, evaluate primary physical characteristics and Antioxidant effects using ABTS Assay as well as phytochemicals (phenolic content and flavonoid content) of various kombucha marigold formulas with different ingredients as follows Stevia formula, fruit formula, herbal tea formula. The results showed that the kombucha was light in color compared to the color of the tea before fermentation and had a sour taste pH of 3.0-3.5. Comparison of a total of 10 marigold kombucha recipes, comparing stevia and no stevia recipes, formulations mixed with five different types of fruits and marigold recipes with three other types of tea, it was found that the results of the evaluation of free radical inhibition of kombucha flower recipes with stevia showed better effects than none-Stevia, by kombucha diluted 1-fold (50%), showed a similar effect to the standard substance Trolox 0.5 mg/ml and compared the marigold flower mixed fruit formula and found that the formula mixed with bananas showed the best result. In addition, other herbal tea recipes were evaluated compared with marigold tea. It was found that mango leaf tea is the best and better than marigold. The results of analyzing the total phenolics and flavonoids content, in the same direction as those of an antioxidant effect. In summary, the kombucha recipe for mango leaf tea mixed with stevia and bananas is the best recipe, the next is kombucha recipe of marigold tea mixed with stevia and bananas. The studies can further develop healthy beverage products, enhanced probiotics, and other products such as, making into powder as an ingredient beverage and bakery.

ANALYSIS OF AGRICULTURAL DROUGHT RISK AREAS AND INFLUENCING FACTORS IN THE MAE WANG RIVER BASIN, CHIANG MAI PROVINCE

Baicha Wongtui — 2024-06-18

The research aims to analyze agricultural drought risk areas and study factors influencing agricultural drought in the Mae Wang River Basin. Eight factors were considered in the analysis: average annual rainfall, soil texture, land use, slope, drainage density, irrigation area, repeatedly drought-prone area, and the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI). Weighting factors were determined through hierarchical analysis and analyzed using a geographic information system. Based on the results, the factor with the most significant influence is the average annual rainfall. In contrast, the factor with the least influence is the normalized difference vegetation index. Agricultural drought risk areas were classified into three levels: high-risk, medium-risk, and low-risk.
It was found that 96.94 percent of the area was classified as medium-risk. As for the high-risk areas were identified in Yang Khram Subdistrict, Santisuk Subdistrict, and Thung Pee Subdistrict, which are located in the eastern part of the study area. These areas have a plain geographical terrain, and the land is used for agriculture. Soil texture can be categorized into sandy soils groups. They have a low drainage density, measuring less than 1.03 kilometers per square kilometer. These regions experience rainfall within drought criteria and have a gentle slope. These research results will assist local authorities and decision-makers in effectively managing water and spatial resources to mitigate potential damage from droughts that may occur.

COMPARING METHODS FOR THE PRESERVATION OF STREPTOMYCES TM32 TO DEVELOP IT INTO A BIOLOGICAL PRODUCT FOR INHIBITING SOIL-BORNE PLANT PATHOGENS

Nareeluk Nakaew — 2024-06-25

Prevention and control of pests by biological products is one option that can reduce or replace the use of agricultural chemicals to produce safe products. Streptomyces TM32 can inhibit various types of plant pathogenic fungi and produce substances that promote plant growth. Therefore, this research aims to develop a biological product formula to inhibit the fungal growth that causes disease on plant roots from Streptomyces TM32 by comparing the methods of preserving them for development into four biological product formulas (1. Cooked rice, 2. wheat flour and Dolomite (6:3), 3. Talcum and CMC (2:1) and 4. Rice flour, Palm oil and Sucrose (87:3:10) volume-by-volume ratio). The survival of biological products was tested in each formula under temperature storage conditions at 10 and 35^oC for 14, 28, and 42 days with the spread plate technique. The results found that formula 1 (Cooked rice), when stored at 35^oC for 14 days, had the highest amount of germs remaining, equal to 6.71 ± 0.08 log CFU/g. Therefore, formula 1 was used to test the effectiveness of biological products in inhibiting fungal growth in plants. The experimental set was divided into four sets: unsterilized soil with no added biological agents (Experimental set 1) and with biological products (Experimental set 2); sterilized soil without added biological agents (Experimental set 3) and with biological products added (Experimental set 4). The experiment was performed in a relative humidity condition of 70%, temperature of 25^oC and watering every 2 days for 35 days to compare germination percentages and to

compare average height of plant (chili plant). The results showed that the second experimental set had the highest germination rate (80%). However, the average height of chili plants after 35 days in this experimental set was lower than that of the control set that had not been inoculated (Experimental sets 1 and 3).

CONSERVING AND UTILIZING NATURAL RESOURCES CREATIVITY BASED ON BIODIVERSITY AND COMMUNITY PARTICIPATION IN MAE RAM WATERSHED, CHIANG MAI

Tatporn Kunpradid — 2024-06-25

This study explores water management in the Mae Ram Watershed, Chiang Mai, focusing on the interplay between local community practices and water resources, guided by the Sufficiency Economic Concept and indigenous knowledge. Extensive data collection, including participation in field surveys and sampling, was conducted, incorporating secondary data in the upstream, middle, and downstream areas of the watershed. The examination involved local community management and stakeholders, covering the diversity and distribution of various biological and land-use aspects, as well as the current environmental situation. The results showed that almost the entire area consisted of deciduous dipterocarp forest, with low plant abundance, except for an evergreen forest area upstream. Key findings revealed the influence of physical factors on vegetation's spatial distribution and seasonality. Higher terrains exhibited denser plant life, and steeper slopes had more vegetation. The study identified 88 plant species collaborating with fungi, lichens, algae, insects, and birds. The Natural resource utilization in the upstream and middle streams depended on local indigenous, traditional, and ethnic beliefs, whereas downstream areas were primarily used for agriculture and residence. Water quality in the Mae Ram upstream was clean, while it was moderate in the middle and downstream areas, based on physical-chemical parameters and biological indicators. The water balance of all villages was sufficient, while some villages were facing a shortage period in the dry season. The community involvement in water resource management varied from moderate to high; however, overall, local self-management needed to be more robust, necessitating external collaboration. The watershed needs a consistent annual plan and ongoing community participation in water resource protection and conservation.

THE EFFECT OF USING PREVENTING NEWBORN BIRTH ASPHYXIA FOR PARTURIENT NURSING PRACTICE GUIDELINES ON THE KNOWLEDGE, PRACTICAL SKILLS, AND SATISFACTION AMONG NURSES, CHOMTHONG HOSPITAL

Apinya Dasurin — 2024-06-25

This quasi-experimental research aimed to compare the average scores of knowledges, practical skills, and nurse satisfaction before and after using the nursing practice guideline to prevent newborn birth asphyxia for parturients. The sample consisted of 11 nurses working in the delivery room at Chomthong Hospital. The research instrument was nursing practice guidelines for preventing birth hypoxia for the parturients. Data collecting instruments were personal information questionnaires, knowledge assessment forms, practical skills assessment forms, and satisfaction assessment forms for professional nurses. All research instruments were reviewed by three experts; an obstetrician, a pediatrician, and a head of the delivery room department which obtained a content validity index (CVI) of 1. Data collecting instruments were tested for reliability, and the results were 0.87, 0.76, and 0.94, respectively. Data analysis used descriptive statistics and the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test. The results showed that after the experiment, the sample group presented the average knowledge score and average practical skills score were higher than before the experiment significantly (p<.01), and an average nurse satisfaction score was higher than before the experiment significantly (p<.05). The results of this study should bring to provide knowledge and enhance the practical skills of nurses in caring for parturient to properly provide nursing care for them and newborns with the same nursing standard that it will help reduce the incidence of birth asphyxia.