Engineering and Technology Horizons

Performance Evaluation of Low-Cost Particulate Matter Sensors for PM2.5 and PM10 Measurement

Vissavavit Rachnarong — 2023-09-01

This paper presents the performance evaluation of low-cost particulate matter sensors (LCPMS) using light scattering technique. By creating a device for controlling sensors and measuring particulate matter with diameter of less than 2.5 microns (PM2.5) and 10 microns (PM10) for high- and low-concentration environments in a test chamber and for comparing with the average PM2.5 and PM10 of 1-hour and 24-hour continuous of Pollution Control Department (BAM1020) in February to June 2022. From the PM2.5 and PM10 results, it was found that LCPMS and BAM1020 are very strong correlation in the perfect positive. Correlation coefficient square () and measurement error () are decreased by decreasing sampler time of LCPMS detection. The average PM2.5 of 24-hour continuous of LCPMS_5 is very strong correlation with BAM1020 by = 0.7786 and = 20.35. The average PM10 of 24-hour continuous of LCPMS_1 is very strong correlation with BAM1020 by = 0.8662 and = 13.53.

Video Relay Service Recording System Using Packet-Capture Multiple Buckets Architecture

Pornpimol Ramonudom — 2023-09-01

This paper presents a research and development work for the automatic service recording system using network-based monitoring approach. The project is under the cooperation of National Science and Technology Development Agency (NSTDA) and Thai Telecommunication Relay Service (TTRS). The goal is to archive and record video relay services offered to the deaf and hard of hearing community. Using the network-based monitoring approach, we can develop a video recording system that is fully automated and intelligent to analyze different kinds of video relay services. In brief, the system functions to capture network traffic and analyze network packets, signaling, and related protocols such as TCP, UDP, SIP, SDP, RTP, as well as H.264, G.711 encoding. Then, it records the relevant media streams, creates a video file containing the whole video relay service conversation, and send the file to archive in the cloud storage. The benefits include verification in case of appeal, service evaluation, and service improvement. A technical challenge in this system development is how to process real-time interactive multi flows because it must detect and process a large number of call signaling and media streams that occur as interactive real time. The optimization is vital so that the system can swiftly do the processing in time, without causing the buffer overflow problem that can degrade the recording quality. In this regard, we developed a novel methodology for processing PCAP (Packet Capture) called Multiple Buckets Architecture. Our test results showed that it can significantly reduce the probability of buffer overflow, making the processing more efficient when compared to the traditional processing of single bucket.

Inventory Management of Saline using Forecasting Techniques in A Hospital Case Study

Nitipat laomongkholchaisri — 2023-09-04

The purpose of this research is to efficiently manage the saline inventory system of the hospital by reducing storage and control problems according to patients' demands. First, all saline types in stock were grouped by value using the ABC technique which yielded an “A” cluster that accounted for 59.92% of the total saline stock value. Second, demand forecasting of group “A” saline by means of various forecasting techniques. In this study, the techniques applied were Moving Average, Weighted Moving Average, and Exponential Smoothing. The Mean Square Error (MSE) and the Mean Absolute Percentage Error (MAPE) were used to measure the forecast errors. And it was discovered that Exponential Smoothing is the most appropriate technique. Third, planning and analysis of the saline stock were fulfilled by implementing the periodic review inventory system at a 99 percent service level. With review policy, the maximum stock of group "A" saline was defined. Finally, inventory costs between "before" and "after" was compared, and found that 8.84% of costs can be reduced.

Discharge Prediction Using Artificial Neural Networks and Response Time Parameter

Warintra Saelo — 2023-09-04

Flood forecasting is one of the most essential preventative measures for decreasing the damage caused by floods to human life and property. Developing advanced models in conjunction with a significant amount of available data will improve the accuracy of forecasts. This study proposes the concept of discharge forecasting utilizing a neural network model and the application of time response parameters in the watershed. To forecast the hourly discharge in the Upper Nan and Loei watersheds of 12 hours in advance. In this study, we investigated the model in the setting of two case studies: case 1, the application of statistical correlation (Case–Correl) and case 2, the application of the time response parameter (Case–T_C). From the study results, it showed that the outcomes of 12-hour advance discharge forecasting at runoff Station N.1 in Upper Nan Basin and runoff station Kh.58A in Loei Basin were as follows: Case 2 (Case–T_C) was more accurate than Case 1 (Case–Correl) in predicting flow rates in both watersheds. In addition, it was determined that the model accurately predicted the flow rate during the period of peak flow, with a deviation from the observed discharge approximately 3–8% and 8–11% for Case–T_C and Case–Correl examples, respectively. The results indicate that the neural network model applying with time response parameters has a high forecasting capability of flow rate. And the findings of the forecast can be used to monitor the water situation and prepare for flood warning in the target area.

Testing and Analysis of a Small-scale Cricket Housing Model under Standard of Good Agricultural Practices

Theerawat Petdee — 2023-09-05

This research aims to test and analyze a model of cricket housing units according to good agricultural practices standards. The study assessed the composite sandwich panels used for the walls of cricket housing units and analyzed five distinct materials mixed within the panels: (1) air space, (2) foam sheets, (3) a mixture of 50% sawdust and 50% polyurethane foam, (4) a mixture of 75% sawdust and 25% polyurethane foam, and (5) a mixture of 100% sawdust. The experimental results showed that the most suitable material was the sawdust material mixed with 25% foam, which provided a penetration resistance of 282.71 N, a water absorption capacity of 37.90%, and a thermal conductivity of 0.65 W/m.K. For the field test, the composite panel offered similar experimental results as industrial sandwich panels. Furthermore, when the internet of things was used to regulate the environment inside the housing unit, the mean absolute percentage error between the internet of things and the wired system was less than 4.20%. Therefore, the findings on the mixed material panels and the environmental control system can be implemented in real-world applications.

Factors Affecting the Partitioning of Peroxidase from Aqueous Two-Phase Extraction

Benjamas Nontawong — 2023-09-25

Peroxidase is an enzyme that catalyzes the oxidation of various substances by utilizing hydrogen peroxide as an electron acceptor. It plays a significant role in multiple aspects, including laboratory analysis and immunoassays. Peroxidase is found abundantly in plant. Therefore, the purpose of this research is to study the factors affecting the partitioning of peroxidase using aqueous two-phase extraction (ATPE) consisting of polyethylene glycol (PEG) and inorganic salts. Cabbage was chosen as a source of peroxidase enzyme. The results showed that changes in the type of salt used to build the system (ammonium sulfate ((NH₄)₂SO₄), sodium sulfate (Na₂SO₄), dipotassium hydrogen phosphate (K₂HPO₄) and disodium hydrogen phosphate (Na₂HPO₄)), molecular weight of polyethylene glycol (PEG 1500 and 6000), polyethylene glycol concentration (19–31 %w/v), salt concentration (10–22 %w/v), system pH (4–8), and the effect of sodium chloride ( 0–5%w/v) affected the partition coefficient of the enzyme (K_E), the partition coefficient of the protein (K_P), volume fraction of phase (V_r), the percent yield (%Yield) and the purification factor (PF). The optimum condition for peroxidase extraction obtained in this study was using ammonium sulfate salt at a concentration of 16%w/v, polyethylene glycol molecular weight 1500 at a concentration of 25%w/v, the pH of the system was 6 and no sodium chloride was added. The partition coefficient of the enzyme was 15.75 ± 4.07, the percent yield was 97.06 ± 0.71, and the purification factor was 4.86 ± 0.70 times.

Improving the Corrosion Resistance of Al anode and Specific Capacity in Al-air Batteries Using Mixed Electrolyte Solutions

Nit Namwong — 2023-09-25

This research aimed to investigate the corrosion improvement in Al-air batteries and their specific capacity, at various mixed ratios of sodium chloride and sodium hydroxide solutions 100:1, 99:1, 98:2, 90:10, 80:20, 70:30, and 0:100. The battery was discharged at different discharge current densities of 1, 5, 10, and 15 mA·cm^-². The self-corrosion of Al anodes and their electrochemical behavior was tested in the mixed electrolyte solutions at room temperature. Moreover, the chemical characterization of the electrode surface was analyzed using the EDS and XPS technique showing that mixed electrolyte solutions provide complex film on the aluminum surface, consisting of various atoms of Al, O, C, Na, and Cl which can reduce the self-corrosion of the aluminum anodes, and providing a higher energy capacity. Mixed electrolyte solutions with a sodium chloride to sodium hydroxide ratio of 80:20 by volume at a discharge current of 15 mA·cm^-2 causes a maximum specific capacity of 1,508 mA·h·g^-1. The mixed electrolyte solutions can increase the specific capacities of Al-air batteries by 1.4 and 25.6 times more than that of sodium chloride solution and sodium hydroxide solution alone, respectively.

The Effect of Earthquake on Temporary Structures during Bridge Construction with Different Column Heights

Kriangkrai Suphrom — 2023-09-26

This research aims to study the effect of earthquakes on temporary structures during bridge construction with different column heights for analysis and evaluation of the damage to temporary structures known as “Launching Gantry” and bridge structures. The primary focus is on temporary structures used in bridge construction with spans of 45 meters and heights of 7, 19, and 28 meters. The research examines four different stages of bridge construction: a single-span bridge, launching the gantry to install the next span, preparing to hang prestressed concrete box girders, and hanging the prestressed concrete box girders. The study uses 12 models created with the midas Civil computer program and nonlinear time history analysis to simulate seismic acceleration in the Bangkok area during the construction stage with a return period of 39 years to determine the internal force and the deformation. As a result, the forces were compared to the resistance according to Eurocode standards to evaluate the damage. The results show that the bridge structure is undamaged, with only minimal deformation, but significant damage was found in the legs of the supports, particularly the front support. The flexural moment and axial force were 1.53 times greater than the resistive strength, and the leg experienced deformation in the transverse direction of the bridge up to 71 millimeters, or 1/77 of the leg height.

The Biochemical Methane Potential from Washing Process Wastewater in Black Soldier Fly Larvae Breeding by Inca Peanut Meal

Preeya Kritthiraput — 2023-09-26

The processing of Black Soldier Fly Larvae (BSFL) for high-quality animal feed protein is being promoted to transformation at the industry level in Thailand. This is due to the fact that the washing process of BSFL generates wastewater with high organic matter that must be treated. This research was interested in studying the potential of methane production from wastewater in the BSFL washing process that is fed by Inca meal and mixed with inoculum sludge from a swine biogas production system at different substrate and inoculum ratio of 3:1, 1:1 and 1:3 by gVS_add. The system also controlled the temperature within the mesophilic condition at 35 ± 2°C. The result of this study shows that the optimum ratio which the most biochemical methane potential (BMP) was 1:1 on 45 days of fermentation period. This optimum ratio can also generate the cumulative methane gas production of 401.51 ± 24.42 NmL/gVS_add with the highest methane content of 67.90%. The VS removal was 23.76% and the COD removal was 68.51%, which shows the BSFL washing process wastewater can be a substrate for biogas production and further expanded to the industry level.

The Analysis of Transit Oriented Development (TOD) of Electric Train Stations in Bangkok and Metropolitan Region: The Case Study of Chaleom Ratchamongkon Line and Chalong Ratchadham Line

Kritsada Saensomboon — 2023-09-28

This research studies transit oriented development (TOD) of two Metropolitan Rapid Transit (MRT) lines, Chaloem Ratchamongkon Line (Blue line) and Chalong Ratchatham line (Purple line), total 53 stations in total, in Bangkok and Nonthaburi Province. The researcher analyze four factors of built environment around mass transit station, 1) Density 2) Diversity 3) Design and Distance 4) Destination and Connectivity. For the density factors, including population density, number of points of interest (POI) and total building area to land area ratio (FAR). For the diversity factors, including the diversity of land use and number of shops around the station. For design and distance factors, including road density, number of parking spaces, Open Space Ratio (OSR). As for the factors related to destinations and connectivity, including the number of bus lines, number of entrances and exits of the train station, number of schools, Number of condominiums and number of villages. The researchers have considered the weight of each variable by using the Information entropy weight method (IEW) and calculated the transit oriented development score (TOD SCORE). From the TOD SCORE calculations of all 53 stations, the researchers find the strengths and weaknesses of each station. The average TOD score of the Purple Line stations is higher than that of the Blue Line stations. The station with the highest total TOD SCORE on the Blue Line is Tha Phra Station and the station with the highest total TOD SCORE on the Purple Line is Sai Ma Station. The station with the lowest total TOD SCORE on the Blue Line is Bang Sue Station and the station with the lowest total TOD SCORE on the Purple Line is Bang Rak Noi Tha It Station. In addition, the researchers analyzed the maximum and minimum values of TOD SCORE for each factor. and described in this research. The results of TOD SCORE analysis can analyze the strengths and weaknesses of each station and determine the development guidelines of mass transit stations in the future using a station with a high TOD SCORE as a model for development of the mass transit system in the future.

Vision System for Reading Serial Numbers of Hard Disk Drive Slider Bar and Barcode on Its Fixture

Bee-ing Sae-ang — 2023-09-26

Part traceability is one of the inevitable requirements in most modern manufacturing processes. In a hard disk drive (HDD), magnetic head dictates the performance of read/write operations. A number of manufacturing processes are involved to transform a wafer disc to slider bars and finally gliding sliders of the head. In this work, we concentrate on reading serial numbers of slider bar and its attached fixture prior to a bar-lapping process. Since the serial numbers on a bar are in the scale of 18x30 microns and their reflectance nature is rather poor, special optics and lighting components are required. As nature of high optical magnification with limited depth of focus (DOF), conventional image acquisition system can not cover the bar attachment position variation due to wide tolerance of the slider bar fixture. We proposed a serial number reading system using autofocus module to cope with it. Liquid lens and image processing algorithms are introduced to evaluate and adjust the focus automatically. Since our system has to be augmented to an existing machine, footprint is also another main concern. We therefore designed a special rig so the system meets all the fore-mentioned requirements. The system was tested in the production line and had 98% and 90% accuracy for serial number and barcode decoding, respectively. The main cause of barcode reading inaccuracy was from many cycles of the fixture reuse and cleaning in the production line.

The Design of Triple Store and Query Processing on GPU for Large Scale Resource Description Framework Data

Pisit Makpaisit — 2023-09-28

The Resource Description Framework (RDF) is commonly used as a standard for data interchange on the web. Due to the current big data era, its size is prone to increase drastically. In order to speed up the large RDF data query, we propose a novel RDF data representation along with the RDF query algorithm utilizing GPU processing. We also present the representation that is suitable for RDF data and GPU processing, the indexing approach, the querying process in the GPU and other techniques that increase the efficiency such as pre-upload filtering, ID assignment by using the term similarity of term vector, and dimensional reduction to transform back to term ID. The experiments show that the developed framework utilizes the storage only 1/6 of the original one and can reduce the querying time. The speedup obtained can be up to 29.57 when compared with the RDF-3X system and 45.23 when compared to using gStore, a graph data store.