Frontiers in Engineering Innovation Research

Producing Artificial Wood from Pallet Wood Powder Mixed with High-Density Polyethylene from Recycled Water Bottles

Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of this research aims to mix HDPE plastic bottles with wood pallet wastes to form the artificial wood panels. The mixtures of HDPE polyethylene plastics and pallet woods were designed in five different ratios. The HDPE plastics and pallet woods were crushed through sieve No.4 and No. 60 respectively. The plastic scraps and wood powder are mixed by using a two-roll mixer. The artificial wood panels formed by pressing under hot conditions at 1,300 pounds per square inch and a temperature of 190 degrees Celsius for 5 minutes. The artificial wood panels were tested for tensile strength, impact strength, surface hardness, density, and water absorption. The experimental results indicate that the amount of mixed pallet wood powder affects the properties of the artificial wood panels and composite materials, resulting in an increase in hardness and density, as well as a decrease in tensile properties and impact force. These 5 ratios of artificial wood panels are suitable for the production of home decoration and souvenir products

A Study of Hydroelectric Power Generation from the End of a Water Supply Pipe before Flowing into an Underground Water Tank

Phongphan Promphiphak, Mr. Woravut Suwanrueng, Pichet Meesat — Tue, 04 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research examines hydro-energy generation from residual pressure at the end of the water supply pipe before it flows down to be stored in an underground water tank. It can be converted into electrical energy. From measuring the pressure at the end of a diameter 2-inch water pipe, the average pressure value is 1.0 bar. The researcher designed and built a simple hydroelectric power generation set in this study. The power generation set consists of 2 main parts: the first part is a Pelton turbine that converts water energy into mechanical energy. The Pelton turbine was designed a radius of impeller equal to 150 mm and the number of brackets in a hemispherical shape with a diameter of 65 mm, 12 pieces. The second part uses a 340W permanent magnet synchronous electric motor (PMSM) to transforms the function into a direct generator. Due to the water pressure while flowing unstable, the test will start from 8:30 a.m. to 5:30 p.m. with a 30 minute interval between data collection. From the water energy measurement, the average water pressure at the end of the tube was 13.5 mH₂O, the average water flow through the nozzle was 7.57x10-4 m3/s, and the average water power was 99.2 W. In terms of electrical energy, the average voltage was 14.20 Vdc, the average current was 0.82 Adc, the average power was 11.6 W, and the cumulative power generation capacity over 9 hours was 64.20 Wh. When taken to find the efficiency of the power generation system, It was equal to 11.55 percent.

Porous Concrete Mixed with Crumbs of Prestressed Concrete Pile

Charoon Charoennetku, Prachoom Khamput, Premmanat Chumprom, Arun Lukjan — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The purpose of this project is to study the use of crumbs of prestressed concrete pile to mix into coarse aggregates in the production of porous concrete to compare various properties by modifying the volume of cement paste that was binding materials in the ratio of 40, 42, 44, 46 and 48 percent of the prestressed pile weight to know the suitable ratio for use. The result of the properties of porous concrete mixed with crumbs of prestressed pile is a coarse aggregate material was found that when the volume of cement paste was increased get porous concrete mixed with crumbs of prestressed pile has compression was increased but the attrition of concrete and water flow was decreased which found that CB-44, which is the ratio of cement paste 44 percent of the weight of prestressed concrete pile and able to handle a maximum compressive strength of 138.47 kilograms per square centimeter. The water flow test is 1.03 centimeters per second and the resulting test of attrition of concrete was 5.00 grams. Suitable for use in perforated concrete projects that are private car parks.

Prepaid Water Consumption System Via RFID Controlled by Microcontroller

Theerapol Muankhaw, Surin Ngaemngam, Chatchai Thongchan, Jittinat Chaiprachiad — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research presents a prepaid water consumption system via RFID controlled by a microcontroller with a notification through an LED lamp for dormitories or apartments. The objective of this study is to facilitate dormitory or apartment owners no need to record water consumption in individual rooms and reduce issues related to tenants facing fines due to late payment of water bills. The system is composed of two parts: the prepaid machine and the water consumption control machine. The operation of the system uses RFID cards as an intermediary for communication between the prepaid machine and the water consumption control machine. It is required to top up money on the RFID card and place this card on the water consumption control machine to turn on the system and to use the water for any purpose. The efficiency of the proposed system was tested by testing the operation of the whole system starting from topping-up money into RFID cards, placing the cards on the water consumption control machine, and turning off the system when the system has no money. The experimental results found that the system can be used correctly. Moreover, the efficiency of the system was tested by comparing water consumption through the proposed water consumption control system with a general water meter by testing it 5 times. The experimental results found that the water consumption from the proposed system was equal to the water consumption from a general water meter.

Utilizing an Activity-Based Costing System to Analyze the Logistical Expenses of Commercial Lobster Farms Kalasin District

Ratchada taengphukieo, Savalee Uttra, Piyanat To-on, Nattanan Nitisiri — Wed, 05 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The goal of this research is to Using an activity-based costing system, examine the logistics expenses associated with a variety of commercial farm-based prawn aquaculture activities in the Kalasin province. (Activity-Based Costing: ABC), which employs interviews and field surveys to gather information. The data obtained from in-depth interviews and questionnaires with a sample of 500 farmers who plant giant freshwater prawns for commercial purposes were utilized to calculate activity-based costs. The study's findings indicate that producers engaged in the commercial cultivation of giant freshwater prawns primarily engage in three activities: 1. Pond preparation and shrimp reproduction; 2. Raising and management activities during raising; and 3. Sales activities. With regard to the activity basic cost of shellfish farming. The total cost of producing gigantic freshwater prawns per rai was determined to be 71,650 baht. The main activity with the highest cost is the activity of preparing rearing ponds and breeding shrimp. The total cost is 41,100 baht per rai, accounting for 57.36 percent. The second is the raising and management activities during raising. The total cost is 23,400 baht per rai, accounting for 32.66 percent, and the third-ranking selling activity is 7,150 baht per rai, accounting for 9.98 percent.

The Engineering Properties and Heat Transfer of Concrete Block Mixed with Polystyrene

Thaweesak Rungsakthaweekul, Prachoom Khamput — Fri, 21 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Study of engineering properties and heat transfer of concrete blocks mixed with plastic waste. Polystyrene replaces sand in the ratios of 0, 5, 10, and 15 percent. The mixing ratio of cement: sand: rock dust is equal to 1: 2: 6 by weight. Water is used in the proportion of 10 percent of the total weight of the mixture. To study engineering properties and heat transfer of concrete Percent absorption value at 7 days and compressive strength of concrete blocks at 7, 14, and 28 days of incubation. Studies have shown that a ratio of 15 percent to polystyrene waste gives the best engineering properties. It has an average density value of 2,258.72 kg/m³. The average water absorption value was equal to 6.49 percent and the average compressive strength at curing ages 7, 14, and 28 were equal to 50.10, 53.16, and 53.73 kg/cm², respectively, which values were by TIS 58-2017 standards, non-stick type. Bear weight 60-minute heat transfer test using a heat spotlight. T1 (heat emitting side) has an initial temperature of 35 °C. Start recording values. T2 (heat receiving side) records the temperature difference between T1-T2, with the temperature between 35-70 °C. The heat transfer test results of concrete blocks mixed with 15 percent polystyrene plastic waste had a thermal conductivity equal to 3.368 W/m·k. The thermal resistance value is 0.021 m²·k/W. and the heat transfer coefficient of the concrete block is 48.116 W/m²·k. Using polystyrene plastic waste instead of 15 percent sand results in good heat transfer values and is also a guideline for managing plastic waste to be used as construction materials. that can be developed commercially in the future

An Analysis of Coarse Aggregate Content of Hardened Concrete using Image Processing

Thidaporn Chuosavasdi — Mon, 24 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The study aims to develop a method for the analysis of coarse aggregate content of hardened concrete using image processing. The developed method was applied to estimate the coarse aggregate content of hardened concrete prepared in the laboratory with a known mix design in order to verify its efficiency. The concrete samples were prepared in three different sizes with two types of cylindrical shapes and one type of cubic shape. Coarse aggregates with maximum sizes of ¾ inch and 1½ inches were used in the concrete mixture. The 0.40, 0.50, and 0.60 by weight water-to-cement ratios (w/c), and the 0.44 by volume of fine aggregate-to-aggregate ratio (s/a) were used for mixing. Subsequently, cross-sectional images of the concrete samples with each mix proportion and age were prepared to determine the coarse aggregate content. The analytical result of coarse aggregate content with maximum sizes of ¾ inch yields a lower margin of error than 1½ inches. The analytical results indicated that the maximum size of coarse aggregate significantly affects the analysis of the coarse aggregate content of hardened concrete with both cylinder-and cube-shaped of concrete samples. Additionally, the analysis demonstrates that increasing the water-to-cement ratio leads to higher variability in the results indicating that higher water content contributes to increased discrepancies. Moreover, both the age and the different cylindrical size of the concrete sample insignificantly affect analysis of the coarse aggregate concrete of hardened concrete.

The Study of using Hot Water from the Solar-Exposed Water Pipeline for the Electricity Generation from the Thermoelectric Sets with and without the Underground Heatsink Unit

Adiruj Surinarin, Chaiyot Damrongkijkosol, Preeda Chantawong — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This article had the objective to study the electricity generation from the water heat energy storage in the water pipeline laid above the ground for watering plant and vegetables in the morning and in the evening. During the day the water pipeline would get the energy from the sunlight, causing the water in the pipeline have nigh temperature - the useless thermal energy. The experimental sets consisted of the thermal exchange equipment of the water in the pipeline in the forms of 2 sets of the steel box pipe 76.20 mm. wide, 76.20 mm. high, 152.40 mm. long, and 1.8 mm. thick. Each set was installed with 2 thermoelectric Model SP1848-27145 connected in series, functioning to generate electricity with the 10-ohm electrical resistance load. Both steel box pipe sets were enclosed with the thermal foam insulator and shaded, so that they would not receive the thermal energy form the other sources. The first set was installed with the heatsink fin underground to cool the thermoelectric, but the second set was not. Both sets were assembled in parallel by connecting with the High-Density Polyethylene water pipe and the electrical voltage and temperature were recorded every 15 minutes from 9 a.m. – 5 p.m. The research result found that the steel box pipe with the heatsink fin underground could generate the maximum electricity at 404.12 mV., higher than 60.16 mV. of the steel box pipe without the heat sink fin, at the solar density at 132,000 lux.

The Influence of Aluminum Alloy Effects on Freeform and Geometry after the CNC Milling Process.

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research study Influence of different material of Al5058, Al6061, Al6063, and Al7075 on the freeform and geometry after the CNC milling process. The cutting speed (RPM) and table feed rate (mm/min) are determined equivalent and the cutting tool remains the same, which is a (Carbide Endmill TiAIN-COATED). It is necessary to change the cutting tool for every grade of aluminum. Then, Dimensions have been measured using a Structured Light Scanner (SLS), specifically the GOM ATOS, which is a non-contact type of scanner. Point cloud files from the aluminum 4 grade have been compared with the original CAD. To compare the influence of different materials after the machining process, the size measurements of Al7075 grade aluminum at all 8 locations after machining are kept as close to the original 3D file as possible. The dimensions of spheres 1, 2, and 3 are 20.000 mm, 20.000 mm, and 7.500 mm, respectively. The diameters of spheres 1, 2, and 3 are 47.506 mm, 5.000 mm, and 7.500 mm, respectively. The dimension of cone 1 is 5.017 mm, and the angle 1 measures 20.556 mm.

Flooring Blocks for Drying Agricultural Products by using Quarry Rock as Aggregate with Coarse Bagasse Ash Partially Replace Quarry Rock and Fine Bagasse Ash Partially Replace Cement

Prachoom Khamput, Kiatsuda Somna — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

Currently, quarry rock and bagasse ash are waste materials in many industrial factories that need to be added to add value. The objective of this research is to study the use of quarry rock as a replacement for all sand in concrete production. The coarse bagasse ash partially replaced some of the quarry rock, and fine bagasse ash partially replaced cement. The ratio of hydraulic cement ingredients: fine bagasse ash (size passes through sieve number 325): coarse bagasse ash (size through sieve number 8 and remaining through sieve number 325): quarry rock equal to 1: 0: 0: 5, 0.85: 0.15: 0.05: 4.95, 0.85: 0.15: 0.10: 4.90, 0.85: 0.15: 0.15: 4.85, 0.85: 0.15: 0.20: 4.80, and 0.85: 0.15: 0.25: 4.75 by weight, respectively. The water: cement ratio (w/c) was kept at 0.4 by weight. There are two types of floor block compactor: 30 x 30 x 5 centimeters, properties tested according to TIS 378-2531 standards regarding concrete floor tiles and a crooked dagger-shaped floor paving block, size 11.5 x 22.5 x 6 centimeters, properties tested according to TIS 827-2565 standards regarding interlocking concrete floor paving blocks. The results showed that the compressive strength increased when coarse bagasse ash was used instead of quarry rock while bending strength and density tended to decrease. For water absorption, there is a tendency to increase. Concrete floor tiles mixed with bagasse ash at a ratio of 0.85: 0.15: 0.25: 4.75 and interlocking concrete blocks for floors mixed with bagasse ash with a ratio of 0.85: 0.15: 0.20: 4.80 provided the highest amount of bagasse ash. The flooring blocks still meet the required standard criteria. When used to dry agricultural products, fine bagasse ash should be used to replace only part of the cement.

Optimum Design of Plane Steel Truss using Whale Optimization Algorithm

Sitthisak Ansanan, Assanai Tapao, Raungrut Cheerarot — Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This paper aims to present the application of the Whale Optimization Algorithm (WOA) to design the optimal plane steel truss with discrete design variables according to the ASD methods by AISC standard. Angle sections are selected from the standard table of steel sections to find the minimum weight of structure. The WOA finds an optimal solution by simulating the special hunting behavior of whales called bubble-net. This optimal plane steel truss design is developed by Visual Studio 2015. To demonstrate the effectiveness of this algorithm, the WOA is tested by two examples of steel plane trusses from literature, namely transmission tower truss and roof truss. The results obtained by the WOA are compared with the HCA and the experience-based design method. The results show that the WOA outperforms the compared methods in finding the optimal solution. It can be designed with a lighter weight in the range of 11.04 to 16.60 %

Production Planning using Mathematical Modeling Methods a Case Study of Steel Pipes of a Car's Suspension

Thu, 27 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This paper presents production planning using mathematical modeling methods in order to reduce processing time for steel pipe manufacturing production. The study specifically focused on the polishing and the coating processes with each process involving multiple parallel machines. The production for polished pipes was separated by different production rates while the steel pipe coating were separated into batches according to the diameter of the pipes. Production planning for each process is complex and diverse due to different products and customer orders. Current planning relies on the production planning experience, which results in long processing times of the coating processes. Therefore, the objective of this paper was to find optimal production planning to reduce processing A mathematical model for the optimal production planning for the processes was developed. In addition, the model was applied to the sample data sets and solved using Microsoft Excel Solver. The results revealed that the polishing process time decreased by 11.77 percent and the coating time decreased by 13.34 percent.