Frontiers in Engineering Innovation Research

Fire management in the disaster prevention and mitigation division of lad luang municipality, phra pradaeng district, samut prakan province

Gardkong Pinyo — 2024-10-01

This article aims to study the management of problems, obstacles, and suggest guidelines for the development of fire management in Lat Luang Municipality's public disaster prevention and relief work. Phra Pradaeng District Samut Prakan Province, sample group used in this study The total population was determined to be a sample of 50 people and a sample of 15 people was used to collect qualitative data. The researcher used quantitative and qualitative research processes. and collected data using questionnaires and in-depth interviews. The results of the research found that 1) Fire management of disaster prevention and relief work in Lat Luang Municipality. Phra Pradaeng District Samut Prakan Province as a whole is at a good level. 2) Guidelines for developing fire management of disaster prevention and relief work in Lat Luang Municipality. Phra Pradaeng District Samut Prakan Province: There should be a situation commander with specific knowledge and expertise in direct disaster prevention and relief operations. Including creating awareness for the people to be aware and participate in fire prevention in the community. Promote participation and integration of all sectors in management, including the public and private sectors, the public, volunteer foundations and training centers. And there should be sufficient budget support for all sectors to participate in sustainable disaster prevention and relief.

The attitudes of stakeholders on causes leading to cost overrun in high-rise building projects in Bangkok and surroundings

Vannoeun Som — 2024-12-09

This research aims to study the attitudes of stakeholders towards the causes of cost overrun, analyze the similarities or differences in the attitudes of stakeholders, and group causes of cost overrun in high-rise building projects. A survey using a questionnaire was conducted to collect data from contractors and consultants working on high-rise building construction projects in Bangkok and its surroundings. Simple random sampling was used to distribute a total of 160 questionnaires, and 144 were returned, resulting in a 90% response rate. Data were analyzed using frequency, percentage, relative importance index (RII), t-test, and factor analysis (FA). Results showed that the most important attitude among contractors is that materials costs increased during construction among consultants are mistakes in construction and rework. When analyzing similarities or differences in attitudes, it was found that the most important attitude among all stakeholders was similarities. The total 27 most important causes were grouped into nine categories: construction phase, communication, design, finance, labor, management, estimation, external, and material causes. This study helps to increase knowledge about the various causes of cost overruns in high-rise building construction projects in Bangkok and its surroundings, serving as a guide for management and planning in future construction projects.

Strain field measurements in the tensile tests using digital image correlation

Rittipol Chantarat — 2024-12-09

Developments in digital image correlation (DIC) to measure strain fields are very useful for tensile tests because it is a non-contact metrology technique. Many studies use the sub-pixel registration algorithms of DIC to increase measurement accuracy but there are few studies reported on measurement errors. Then, the aim of this paper is to develop the sub-pixel registration algorithm based on Newton-Raphson iteration that is evaluated for its performances by using computer-generated speckle images. The subset sizes for evaluation are small (21´21 pixels), medium (31´31 pixels) and large (41´41 pixels). It is shown that the systematic errors and the random errors of small subsets are greater than other subset sizes. Not only subset sizes but also the speckle sizes play an important role for errors. Next, real tensile tests were performed to investigate the measurement results of DIC compared with a video extensometer. The smoothing technique is used for noise reduction in the strain fields before plotting stress-strain curves. Finally, the results of real tensile tests indicate that DIC can be capable to measure strain fields and Young’s modulus.

Techno-economic feasibility study of electricity generation from industrial wastewater treatment system

Phanupong Samol — 2024-12-23

This paper reports a techno-economic feasibility study of electricity generation from an industrial wastewater treatment system. First, a small model of an electrical generation power system, 0.70 m. width, 3.68 m. length, and a height of 1.55 m. was designed and assembled. Four Micro hydro turbine generators were tested at flow rates ranging from 500 to 2,000 LPH similar to effluent from industrial wastewater treatment plants. Experimental results showed that type 1 impulse turbine (3 watts) can generate electricity of 1.27 Watts at a maximum flow rate of 1,000 LPH. Whereas type 2 Pelton turbine (50 watts) can generate maximum electricity of 10.35 Watts at a flow rate of 1,300 LPH. Type 3 Water wheel turbine (100 watts) can generate maximum electricity of 0.32 Watts at a flow rate of 2,000 LPH while type 4 Impulse turbine (100 watts) cannot operate within the experimental flow rate range. Then, an economic analysis of electricity production from the wastewater treatment system at a flow rate of 29 m³/h found that installing a 1 kW power generating set has a payback period of 1.3 years. Therefore, this research demonstrated that generating electrical current using wastewater from treatment plant is technically and economically viable option and deserves consideration. This study can be used as a guideline for using industrial wastewater treatment systems to produce electricity and improve plant sustainability.

Investigation of using blowdown of cooling tower to generate electricity

Thanyaporn Kongsinchai — 2024-12-25

This paper reports an investigation of using blowdown of cooling tower to generate electricity. To this end, a small model of an electric power system was designed and assembled. Three micro hydro turbine generators available in the market were tested at flowrate ranging from 300 to 2000 liter/hour similar to blowdown of cooling tower from power plant. The vertical head of water supplied to the turbines was varied 1, 1.5, and 2 m. Experimental data indicated that impulse turbine generator type can generate electricity at a maximum flowrate of 1000 liter/hour, with a power output of 1.05, 1.07, and 1.15 watts at head of 1, 1.5 and 2 m respectively. Pelton turbine can generate electricity at a maximum flowrate of 1300 liter/hour, with a power output of 10.11, 10.37, and 10.4 watts at head of 1, 1.5 and 2 m, respectively. Finally, water wheel turbine can generate electricity at a maximum flowrate of 2000 liter/hour, with a power output of 0.57, 0.68, and 0.83 watts at head of 1,1.5 and 2 m, respectively. Under test conditions, Pelton turbine is the most suitable to produce electricity following the proposed concept. The research output can be used as a guideline for using blowdown of cooling tower from power plants to produce electricity.

Application of hardware-in-the-loop for maximum power tracking of solar panels using artificial neural network

Pairote Thongprasri — 2024-12-25

Hardware-in-the-Loop (HIL) is a technology for simulating hardware in a highly reliable iterative manner without the need to create a physical system, which reduces costs and shortens system development time. This paper presents the application of the HIL404 model for the maximum power point tracking (MPPT) system of solar panels using an artificial neural network (ANN) method. The system includes solar panels connected to a boost converter, which adjusts the optimal duty cycle to supply maximum power to the load. The ANN model, created in Matlab/Simulink through the fmi function, simplifies the simulation process. Data on solar radiation, temperature, and voltage were collected from seven DXP72-Z-330 solar panels with a voltage rating of 261 V at a maximum power of 2,300 W over one week to train the feedforward ANN using backpropagation. The training dataset consists of solar radiation intensity and temperature, with the target output being the system voltage that maximizes power. The paper evaluates the optimal transfer function for single-layer and two-layer hidden neural networks. Results indicate that the Linear function is most effective, with a mean absolute percentage error of 31.114 for the single-layer model and 8.248 for the two-layer model, showing the two-layer network to be more accurate. Additionally, the paper compares the performance of the MPPT system using both ANN models with the perturb and observe (P&O) method on a dataset of 1,200 data points. The load is a 45-ohm resistor. The test results show that the two-layer hidden neural network's MPPT system produced slightly higher power at the load than the P&O method and was able to accurately track the maximum power.

Development of bio-composite material from polylactic acid blended with thermoplastic from sago starch and reinforced with pineapple leaf fiber

Srisuda Junsiri — 2024-12-25

This study analyzes the effects of pineapple leaf fiber (PALF) content on the physical, mechanical, and thermal properties of PLA/TPS and PLA/TPSW composites and material cost. Thermoplastic starch (TPS) is derived from sago starch with glycerol as a plasticizer, while TPSW incorporates water with glycerol. The proportions of TPS and TPSW were set at 0%, 5%, 10%, 15%, and 20% by weight, combined with PLA and PALF at 0%, 2%, 4%, 6%, 8%, and 10% by weight. Results show that PLA/TPS exhibits higher melt flow index and density, indicating better flowability and suitable density. Additionally, PLA/TPS has slightly higher water absorption due to the cross-linked structure of TPSW, while retrogradation reduces water absorption due to increased rigidity and brittleness. The mechanical properties of PLA/TPS are higher with increased PALF content. This significantly enhances resistance to bending and impact due to improved stress distribution, while PLA/TPSW shows minor improvements because of uneven fiber distribution and recrystallization. Increased PALF content reduces tensile strength in both composites. This reduction is more pronounced in PLA/TPSW, as SEM analysis indicates poor adhesion and fiber distribution leading to fiber pull-out. In thermal properties, adding 10% PALF to PLA/TPSW enhances crystallization temperature (Tc) and crystallinity percentage, with lesser effects observed in PLA/TPS. Finally, PLA/TPS demonstrates better physical and mechanical properties, especially with 10% PALF and exhibits the lowest material costs, PLA/TPS composite at PALF (10%) can be molded via injection machine into cups, making it suitable for commercial development with a maximum service temperature not exceeding 50 degrees Celsius.

Prepaid water consumption control system via online top-up system and notification through line application

Theerapol Muankhaw — 2024-12-27

This research proposes a prepaid water consumption control system that integrates an online top-up feature with notifications via the LINE application. The system consists of two main components: an online top-up platform, where water consumers scan a QR code, select the desired amount, upload proof of payment, and send the data to the water consumption control unit; and the water consumption control unit, which sends notifications to water consumers through LINE about top-ups, water flow rates, remaining balances, low water availability, and system shutdowns. Water consumers can also monitor water flow rates, account balances, and available water volumes on an LCD screen. The system’s performance was tested across all functionalities, from QR code-based top-ups to water consumption control and automatic shutdown when the balance is depleted. The system operated accurately, effectively sending LINE notifications and displaying data on the LCD. Additionally, a comparison of water consumption readings between a standard water meter and the developed system, using 5 liters (5x10^-3 cubic meters) of water over ten trials, showed a measurement error of 1.48%.

Flue gas control parameter effects of biomass carbonization with heating coil on the production of lotus charcoal for odor absorption

Phairoach Chunkaew — 2024-12-27

This research aimed to study the effects of flue gas control parameters including flue gas temperature and flue gas velocity of biomass carbonization with heating coil on the production of lotus charcoal for odor adsorption. The odor absorbing charcoal machine had a drying chamber of 50 × 45 × 35 cm³ which could contain 6 pods. Hot smoke was generated from a 100 liter kiln. Next, the hot smoke was increased temperature by using a heater before entering the drying chamber. At the kiln, a fan was installed for blowing the air to the kiln. The fan could control the speed for adjusting the air to the kiln. Experiment, the lotus had an initial moisture content of 86.19±1.67 % wet basis and was dried to the final moisture content of 0 % wet basis. The control variables were smoke temperatures of 200, 250 and 300°C and smoke velocities of 1.22, 1.74 and 2.27 m/s. It was found that at flue gas temperatures of 200, 250 and 300˚C, the production time for odor absorber was 120, 100 and 60 min, respectively, but at constant flue gas temperature and increasing flue gas velocity, the production time for odor absorber was the same because the raw materials did not come into direct contact with the flue gas. The raw materials were packed in another layer of the raw material cabinet to prevent the lotus from burning and turning into ash so the exhaust gas touched the outer wall surface of the raw material cabinet. Therefore, the drying method was a heat radiation drying method and the drying result was to depend on only one temperature variable. An iodine adsorption and a specific energy consumption were studied. It was found that increasing the temperatures and the velocities of hot smoke, the iodine adsorption and the specific energy consumption were increased. At 300˚C with the flue gas velocity 2.27 m/s had the maximum iodine adsorption value of 1176.32±21.562 mg/g.

Design and development of a multi-purpose modular solar cell facade

Charan Rungruengsorakarn — 2024-12-27

This research focuses on the development of building facades by designing and installing multifunctional modular solar panels to facilitate assembly and installation. The aim is to modernize the building facade while evaluating the efficiency of electricity production from the solar panels and the effectiveness of heat reduction in the building. The building facade consists of an outer wall made of composite panels with 150-watt solar panels installed. The side and rear walls are made of composite panels and insulated with standard foam insulation for the module, measuring 1.2 meters wide, 2.4 meters long, and 0.3 meters high. The modules are installed facing southwest. A comparative design was made for opening and closing the module openings, and measurements were taken over a period of 120 days. The heat flux transmitted through solar radiation was measured, along with the temperature and electricity production from the solar panels. The results of the efficiency tests for electricity production from solar energy in the perforated facade showed an average of 0.3017 kilowatt-hours per day, which is higher than the average of 0.27792 kilowatt-hours per day for the non-perforated façade. The electricity production varies with temperature; on hotter days, the heat flux transmitted through solar radiation is higher, resulting in increased electricity production from solar energy. Additionally, the temperature of the ventilated modules is significantly lower than that of the non-ventilated modules, with a maximum temperature difference of 2 degrees Celsius between the two modules. Therefore, the design of the building facade, combined with the installation of solar panels and the ventilation openings of this multifunctional module, represents a new approach to the sustainable exterior design of residential buildings, contributing to clean energy production and reducing heat in building walls.

Development of large scale photovoltaic solar chimney

Arunyupa Buasap — 2024-12-27

The objective of this research is to study, design, and build a large solar cell chimney aimed to be applied for buildings. Solar chimneys are particularly effective in climates that are humid and hot. They are most efficient when they are tall and wide, but not very deep, as these proportions both maximise the surface area that can absorb solar radiation and maximise the surface area in contact with the air inside the chimney. Definition of the word "large" in the construction of a solar chimney "Large" refers to a solar chimney shaft with significant height. Modules can be assembled together to achieve considerable heights, with a focus on application in vertical buildings. An experimental south facing setup 0.40 x 0.30 meters with a height of 4.60 meters was built. It uses four amorphous silicon solar cell panels, each rated at 12 watts and 17.5 volts. Thermal performance and electricity generated by each panel were measured. The results of the study show that the air temperature inside the chimney reached its highest value at 3.40 meters, with a peak temperature of 34.15 degrees Celsius. The temperatures of solar cell panels were the highest reaching 45.10 degrees Celsius at 3.40 meters height. In terms of electricity production, the lowest solar cell panel located generated the highest output, producing 5.43 watts at 3:00 p.m. due to its lower temperature compared to other panels. The average air velocity inside the chimney was measured at 0.97 meters per second at noon. These advantages clearly demonstrated that large scale solar photovoltaic building is an interesting option to apply in buildings for electricity generation, heat gain reduction and ventilation.