Journal of Manufacturing & Management Technology

Influence of Workpiece Alignment on the Dimension Accuracy Freeform Curved Surface Geometry Achieved through Robotic Milling Process

Panupop Srisoom, Kawee Boonsuwan, Don Kaewdook — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

งานวิจัยนี้มุ่งศึกษาผลกระทบของทิศทางการจัดวางชิ้นงานที่มีต่อค่าความคลาดเคลื่อนทางเรขาคณิตและมิติของรูปทรงผิวโค้งอิสระชิ้นงานที่เกิดจากการกัดด้วยแขนหุ่นยนต์บนวัสดุโฟม EPS เกรด 2.0 การทดลองใช้มอเตอร์ปรับความเร็วรอบได้และดอกกัดเอ็นมิลแบบ 4 ฟัน ชนิดหัวบอล ขนาดเส้นผ่านศูนย์กลาง 10 มิลลิเมตร ติดตั้งที่ส่วนปลายแขนหุ่นยนต์อุตสาหกรรมแบบ 6 แกน ยี่ห้อ ABB รุ่น IRB 6640 มีระยะเอื้อมปลายแขนไกลสุด 2.55 เมตร ออกแบบการวางชิ้นงาน 2 ทิศทาง ประกอบด้วยการวางขนานกับแนวแกน X และวางขนานแนวแกน Y อ้างอิงจากโคออร์ดิเนตฐานของหุ่นยนต์ ซึ่งทิศทางการวางชิ้นงานมีผลต่อการเคลื่อนที่ของปลายแขนหุ่นยนต์ เนื่องจากตำแหน่งเกิดจากวิถีการเคลื่อนที่ในปริภูมิสามมิติที่เกี่ยวข้องทั้งตำแหน่งและการหมุนของแกน เส้นทางการเดินคมตัดแขนหุ่นยนต์ถูกสร้างด้วยโปรแกรมคอมพิวเตอร์ที่ช่วยในการผลิต ประกอบด้วยการกัดสวนทางและกัดตามเพื่อสร้างพื้นผิวโค้งอิสระตามแบบงานบนชิ้นงานทดสอบ การตรวจสอบขนาดของรูปทรงผิวโค้งอิสระที่เกิดจากการกัดด้วยแขนหุ่นยนต์ใช้เครื่องมือวัด 3 มิติแบบสัมผัสด้วยหัวบอลขนาด 5 มิลลิเมตร ผลการวัดพบว่าการวางชิ้นงานทั้งสองทิศทางมีขนาดแตกต่างกันเล็กน้อย โดยการวางขนานกับแนวแกน X มีค่าความคลาดเคลื่อนเฉลี่ย 2.664 มิลลิเมตร และ ทิศทางขนานกับแนวแกน Y มีค่าความคลาดเคลื่อนเฉลี่ย 2.148 มิลลิเมตร ผลการทดสอบทางสถิติที่ระดับความเชื่อมั่น 95 เปอร์เซ็นต์ มีค่า p-value > 0.05 บ่งชี้ว่าทิศทางการวางชิ้นงานไม่มีผลต่อระดับค่าความคลาดเคลื่อนของชิ้นงานรูปทรงผิวโค้งอิสระที่เกิดจากการกัดด้วยแขนหุ่นยนต์

Adding Value to Agricultural Waste to New Products

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The goal of research on the creation of value from agricultural waste to new products is to find solutions to problems, reduce the amount of waste material left in agriculture, which can improve air quality, and generate commercial value–added waste. The process of manufacturing particleboards from agricultural wastes, longan branches and leaves, is to reprocess them to 3 mm in the Sub–chopper and mix 10% isocyanate glue by weight in the mixing machine. A sample was weighted and placed in a 400 x 600 mm mold by compressing it with a heat press. A 400 x 600 mm mold was filled with a weighted sample, which was compressed using a heat press machine set at roughly 30 MPa for ten minutes at 160 °C. Particleboards were then taken out of the heat press machine. The averages of density, moisture content, and thickness swelling, according to the study's findings, were 788.53 kg/m3, 8.82%, and 5.58%, respectively. Additionally, the averages for tension perpendicular to the surface, modulus of elasticity, and flexural strength were 0.42 MPa, 1,763.9 MPa, and 11.12 MPa, respectively. The physical properties of particleboards were found to surpass the Thai Industrial Standard 876–2547 when compared to the standard, although the mechanical properties did not. Consequently, although this particleboard was excellent for building homes, it was not suited for creating furniture, but it was suitable for making home decoration.

Development of Teak Wood Dryer and Optimization of Drying Condition by Mathematical Modeling

Dussadee Buntam, Tanakij Thamee — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The objective of research of development of teak wood dryer and optimization of drying condition by mathematical modeling has create and development teak wood dryer. It was for reducing various problems regarding the quality of teak wood does not affect the environment by designing and creating a combined teak wood oven. There are 3 parts to the working system: 1) Structure of the teak oven was designed to receive light throughout the day with a tunnel shape. There is an exhaust fan working to reduce the temperature in the oven. 2) Providing heat energy from hot air. It will provide heat energy to the oven. When the oven does not receive heat from the sun or the temperature is not as specified and 3) the controlling the teak wood oven system Inside the teak wood oven the temperature and humidity are controlled. It is used in editing the heating systems of both systems. The mathematical modeling using non–linear regression analysis of a combined oven for drying teak wood by using the value of the decision coefficient (R²), the chi–squared (X²), and the lowest square root of the mean square error (RMSE). It was found that the Diffusion approximation model is suitable to predict the moisture ratio of teak during drying for drying using a combined drying oven. The decision coefficient is equal to 0.9853, the chi–squared reduction value, And the square root of the mean square error is 0.0001 and 0.0112, having the lowest values.

Design Jigs and Fixtures to Reduce Time in the Bevel Milling of Workpiece

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research aims to reduce work time by designing and creating a drilling guide device and a workpiece clamping device, which are types of tools used in the industrial sector. Additionally, it involves statistical theory and Jig Fixture for mass production that meets standards. Before the improvement, the process of clamping the workpiece involved using an angle vice for clamping and milling the workpiece's angle. The installation of the device and milling the workpiece's angle took an average of 1–2 hours per piece. By comparing the time data before and after the creation of the drilling guide and workpiece clamping devices, it was found that the work time for the 45–degree angle milling process was reduced from an average of 31.01 minutes before the creation of the devices to an average of 15.77 minutes after their creation. This reduction of 15.45 minutes represents a 49.80% decrease in time and results in an annual cost savings of 44,976 baht.

Feasibility Study of Brick Production from Sugarcane Bagasse Ash

Suban Takumwan, Tutsapol Intapanyo, Theerawat Maliasri — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research was to study the feasibility of using the sugarcane bagasse ash to replace clay bricks in the production of construction bricks using methods and production processes according to the interlocking block production of the Institute of Science and Technology. The initial ratio of brick production is cement: stone dust 1:6 by volume (BA00). Stone dust was replaced by bagasse ash from 10% (BA10) by volume to 100% (BA100). Bricks aged for 7 and 28 days will be tested for various properties which compared with the ordinary construction brick industry standard (TIS. No. 77–2545) and the clay bricks that were available in the market (BA). The research found that the replacement of stone dust with sugarcane bagasse ash at 10% resulted in the highest compressive strength of 79.38 ksc. and able to replace stone dust with sugarcane bagasse ash up to 70% (BA70), which made all properties passed TIS standards. The Replacement of stone dust with 70% bagasse ash (BA70) is the most suitable ratio for brick production because sugarcane bagasse ash can be used the most and was most cost–effective. The appropriate ratio is Portland cement to stone dust to sugarcane bagasse ash 1:1.8:4.2 by volume, but in actual use, the ratio should be 1:2:4 for ease of use, which slightly increased the overall properties of bricks. The weight of brick walls that replaced stone dust with 70% sugarcane bagasse ash (BA70) was similar to clay brick walls that are available in the market (BA) due to its similar density. Therefore, the production of BA70 bricks was the use of waste from the factory to create benefits, which was to produce construction bricks instead of clay bricks and was plastered on both sides. This was similar to the Secure Landfill of Stabilized and/or Solidified Wastes principle.

Analysis of The Surface Roughness in Lapping Process Affecting Wear Behavior Based on The Bearing Area Curve Theory

Sutham Siwawut, Yupin Supachoke, Parinya Srisattayakul, Pornthip Khonglumtan — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This paper presents an analysis of the surface morphology, and the constituent parameters of the Bearing Area Curve (BAC), which include reduced peak height (Rpk), core roughness depth (Rk), reduced valley depth (Rvk), material ratio at the peak zone (Mr1), and material ratio at the valley zone (Mr2), in conjunction with the arithmetic mean deviation (Ra). The study focuses on SKD61 tool steel, hardened to a hardness range of 52–55 HRC using vacuum hardening, and processed through a lapping process with four different alumina abrasive sizes: 0.05, 0.30, 1.00, and 3.00 micrometers, under oil–based diamond lapping lubricant conditions. The BAC analysis was employed to guide the selection of optimal surface characteristics for improved wear resistance. The analysis results revealed that SKD61 tool steel lapped with a 0.30 micrometer alumina abrasive size exhibited a short run–in period and a large contact area (high Rk), which reduces the load per unit area, leading to enhanced wear resistance.

Study of the Surface Roughness affecting on the Tribological Properties of Polyoxymethylene by Turning Process

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This work focuses on a study of the surface roughness affecting the tribological properties of polyoxymethylene parts processed by machining, for application in the production of mechanical components in the food processing and bakery industries. The specimens were measured for surface roughness, analysis of turning surface, and wear test by block-on-ring tester under dry. The results showed that the optimal face turning parameters are at a feed rate of 0.08 mm/rev, cutting speed of 255 m/min, depth of cut 0.4 mm, and the lowest surface roughness value, when increasing the feed rate, it is found that turning surface on the specimens similar to cycloid pattern. In addition, the surface roughness of the specimens has a significant effect on the contact surface, influencing the friction accumulated on the contact surface causing the polyoxymethylene to stretch and polymers to transfer film on the steel surfaces. However, incrementing the applied load values increases the weight loss and the wear rate.

Causes of Damage and Solution for a Screw Conveyor in the Handling of Polymer Wet Cake in the Petrochemical Industry

Somkid Laonittharakul, Bhadpiroon Watcharasresomroeng — Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

The aim of this research is to identify the root causes of damage and potential solutions for the screw conveyor in the petrochemical industry's polymer wet cake handling process. The study employs metallurgical and finite element methods. SUS304 (JIS)-grade stainless steel makes up the screw conveyor. The hardness testing and chemical evaluation revealed that the material's value aligns with the prescribed standard. The screw conveyor, which consists of a 318.5 mm diameter tube, 17.4 mm thick, and two pieces of 6000 mm length, sustained damage to its shaft. The screw conveyor, when coupled with a sleeve, achieves a total length of 12000 mm. An analysis using the finite element method revealed that the connection point area experienced the highest stress due to the material undergoing turning processes for press fitting with the sleeve. The analysis results are consistent with the detection of cracks in the material in that area. A single screw shaft reduces the maximum stress applied to the connection area by more than 61%.

Influences of Alumina Powder on Surface Roughness of Tool Steel Material SKD61 by Lapping Surface Technique

Sun, 30 Jun 2024 00:00:00 +0700

This research was to study the Influences of alumina powder on surface roughness by lapping surface technique for tool steel material SKD61, factorial experimental design technique. were applied to analyze 4 sizes of alumina lapping powder, namely 0.05, 0.30, 1.00, 3.00 µm and 6 time periods for lapping, namely 30, 60, 90, 120, 150, 180 min, respectively. Specimen surface preparation for experiments the ratio between 400 ml of alumina lapping powder, 400 ml of alumina lapping lubricant and 2 l of clean water was used to adjust the surface of the experimental specimen with the average surface roughness (Ra).0.1–0.5 µm the best results regarding statistical analysis were found. The size of alumina lapping powder was 0.05 µm, and the finishing time was 30 min, resulting in the best average roughness (Ra) of 0.0544 µm. (Desirability: D) Regarding statistical processing, it was found that the value was as high as 87.99%.