Tectono – Stratigraphic Evolution of The Ayutthaya Basin, Central Thailand
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Abstract
The Ayutthaya Basin is a major Cenozoic basin in central, Thailand. The basin is bounded to the North by the Northwest – Southeast trending Mae Ping Strike-slip Fault Zone (MPSFZ). Oil footprint was recorded from the first well drilled in 1980. However, the basin has not been the focus interested for petroleum exploration for over 30 years due to high uncertainties in petroleum system. Due to the poor quality of 2-D seismic data, internal basin structures have not been analyzed for understanding basin mechanism and the development of petroleum system. Therefore, this study aims to propose a structural evolutionary model of the Ayutthaya Basin and describes the influence of tectonic activities on petroleum system with discussion of similar Cenozoic basins.The method of this study uses a seismic interpretation of 2-D seismic data combined with well report and structural reconstruction analysis. The elongate Ayutthaya Basin is a North – South trending which is controlled by North – South trending pre-existing structure. The major faults are oriented in a North – South direction that show listric normal faults. The Cenozoic sedimentary unit is approximately 2,000 – 2,500 meters thick. It can be subdivided into seven units according to seismic characters and the well report including; Pre-rift, Syn-rift 1, 2, 3, Post-rift 1, Inversion, and Post-rift 2 units. There are four phases of basin evolution that can be identified by seismic interpretation and structural reconstruction which from older to younger events: (1.) an extensional phase in Late Oligocene? – Early Miocene (2.) subsidence phase and sagging in Middle Miocene (3.) local inversion phase in Middle – Late Miocene and (4.) regional subsidence from Pliocene – Recent. The average stretching factor (β) along the basin axis is approximately 1.18. Structurally, the Ayutthaya Basin resembles the Bohai Bay Basin in China, which formed in transtensional system. The MPSFZ affects the Ayutthaya Basin due to the randomly inversion and basin geometry changing. The possible reason of no petroleum potential in the Ayutthaya Basin is that there is lack of petroleum system which is no source and seal potential. Furthermore, the hydrocarbon cannot be generate due to no heat source.
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Copyright © 2008 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University. Parts of an article can be photocopied or reproduced without prior written permission from the author(s), but due acknowledgments should be stated or cited accordingly.
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