Strain Analysis of Rocks in Lansang Waterfall, Tak Province, Northwestern Thailand
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Lansang Waterfall is located inside the Lansang National Park, Tak, northwestern Thailand, and claimed to be a part of the affected zone of past India penetration. Such area exposed the mylonitic core, which made of reworked metamorphic rocks in the greenschist facies with the steep foliation and nearly horizontal stretching lineation. These characteristic imply nearly plane strain and also present clear left- lateral shear criteria on various markers for instance boudin trails or deformed minerals, thus it suggested a proper area for strain quantitative analysis in other previous studies. For the strain analysis in sense of quantitative, the Fry method was applied for quantify the finite strain of rock from recrystallized quartz grain in the mylonitic gneisses of Lansang waterfall. The strain magnitude, including with the strain ratio, Rs obtained from the strain ellipsoid of Fry’s
diagram are ranged from 1.40 to 1.91. The longest axes of recrystallized quartz grains intense the characteristic of left- lateral shear sense on this area. Based on these useful data led it be concluded that a significant component of simple shear was involved and related within an area of Lansang waterfall.
Article Details
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivatives 4.0 International License.
Copyright © 2008 Department of Geology, Faculty of Science, Chulalongkorn University. Parts of an article can be photocopied or reproduced without prior written permission from the author(s), but due acknowledgments should be stated or cited accordingly.
References
Ahrendt, H., Chonglakmani, C., Hansen, B. T., Helmcke, D., 1993. Geochronological cross section through northern Thailand. Journal of SE Asia Earth Sciences 8, 207- 217.
Bailey, C. M., Eyster, E. L., 2003. General shear deformation in the Pinaleno Mountains metamorphic core complex, Arizona. Journal of Structural Geology 25, 1883- 1892.
Beckinsale, R. D., Suensilpong, S., Nakapadungrat, S., Walsh, J. N., 1979. Geochronology and geochemistry of granite magmatism in Thailand in relation to a plate tectonic model. Journal of Geological Society London 136, 529- 540.
Braun, E. V., Besang, C., Eberle, W., Harre, W., Kreuzer, H., Lenz, H., Muller, P., Wendt, I., 1976. Radiometric age determinations of granites in northern Thailand. Geologisches Jahrbuch B21, 171- 204.
Bunopas, S., 1976. Geological map of Thailand, sheet Suphan Buri ND 47-7. Geological Survey Division, Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok. scale 1: 250,000.
Bunopas, S., 1981. Paleogeographic history of western Thailand and adjacent parts of Southeast Asia: a plate tectonics interpretation. Unpublished PhD thesis, Victoria University of Wellington, p.819.
Cobbing, E. J., Pitfield, P. E., Darbyshire, D. P. F., Mallick, D. I. J., 1992. The Granites of the South- East Asian Tin Belt. The British Geological Survey 10, p. 369.
Crespi, J. M., 1986. Some guidelines for the practical application of Fry’s method of strain analysis. Journal of Structural Geology 8, 799- 808.
Department of Mineral Resources, 1982. Geological map of Thailand, Changwat Phangnga NC 47-14. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok. scale 1: 250,000.
Department of Mineral Resources, 1999. Geological map of Thailand. Department of Mineral Resources, Bangkok. scale 1: 2,500,000.
Dheeradilok, P., Lumjuan, A., 1983. On the Metamorphic and Precambrian Rocks of Thailand. Conference on Geology and Mineral Resources of Thailand, 113-119.
Dunnet, D., 1969. A Technique of finite strain analysis using elliptical particles. Tectonophysics 7, 117- 136.
Dunning, G. R., Macdonald, A. S., Barr, S. M., 1995. Zircon and monazite U- Pb dating of the Doi Inthanon core complex, northern Thailand: implications of extension within the Indosinian orogen. Tectonophysics 251, 197- 213.
Erslev, E. A., 1988. Normalized center- tocenter strain analysis of packed aggregates. Journal of Structural Geology 10, 201- 209.
Fry, N., 1979. Random point distributions and strain measurement in rocks. Tectonophysics 60, 89- 105.
Genier, F., Epard, J. L., 2007. The Fry method applied to an augen orthogneiss: Problems and results. Journal of Structural Geology 29, 209- 224.
Hahn, L., Koch, K. E., Wittekindt, H., Adelhardt, W., Hess, A., 1986. Outline of the geology and the mineral potential of Thailand. Geologisches Jahrbuch B59, 3- 59.
Hanna, S. S., Fry, N., 1979. A Comparison of methods of strain determination in rocks from southwest Dyfed (Pembrokeshire) and adjacent areas. Journal of Structural Geology 1, 155- 162.
Harrison, T. M., Chen, W., Leloup, P. H., Ryerson, F. J., Tapponnier, P., 1992. An early Miocene transition in deformation regime within the Red River fault zone, Yunnan, and its significance for IndoAsian tectonics. Journal of Geophysical Research 97, 7159- 7182.
Hutchinson, C. S., 1989. Geological Evolution of SE Asia. Oxford Monographs on Geology and Geophysics 13, p. 368.
Lacassin, R., Van Den Driessche, J., 1983. Finite strain determination of gneiss: application of Fry’s method to porphyroid in the southern Massif Central (France). Journal of Structural Geology 5, 245- 253.
Lacassin, R., Leloup, P. H., Tapponnier, P., 1993. Bounds on strain in large Tertiary shear zones of SE Asia from boudinage restoration. Journal of Structural Geology 15, 677- 692.
Lacassin, R., Maluski, H., Leloup, P. H., Tapponnier, P., Hinthong, C., Siribhakdi, K., Chauaviroj, S., Charoenravat, A., 1997. Tertiary diachronic extrusion and deformation of western Indochina: structural and 40Ar/ 39Ar evidence from NW Thailand. Journal of Geophysical Research 102, 13- 37.
Liew, T. C., Page, R. W., 1985. U- Pb zircon dating of granitoid plutons from the west coast province of Peninsular Malaysia. Journal of Geological Society London 142, 515- 526.
Mahawat, C., Atherton, M. P., Brotherton, M. S., 1990. The Tak batholith, Thailand: the evolution of contrasting granite types and implications for tectonic setting. Journal of SE Asia Earth Sciences 4, 11-27.
Palin, R.M., Searle, M.P., Morley, C.K., Charusiri, P., M.S.A., Horstwood, N.M.W., Roberts, 2013. Timing of metamorphism of the Lansang gneiss and implication for left-lateral motion along the Mae Ping (Wang Chao) strikeslip fault, Thailand. Journal of Asian Earth Sciences 76, 120-136.
Polachan, S., Pradidtan, S., Tongtaow, C., Janmaha, S., Intarawijitr, K., Sangsuwan, C., 1991. Development of Cenozoic basins in Thailand. Marine and Petroleum Geology 8, 84- 97.
Ramsay, J.G., 1967. Folding and Fracturing of rocks. McGraw- Hill, New York.
Ramsay, J.G., Huber, M., 1983. The Techniques of Modern Structural Geology. Volume 1: Strain analysis. Academic Press, London.
Sch rer, U., Tapponnier, P., Lacassin, R., Leloup, P. H., Zhong, D., Ji, S., 1990. Intraplate tectonics in Asia: a precise age of large- scale Miocene movement along the Ailao Shan- Red River shear zone, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 97, 65- 77.
Sch rer, U., Zhang, L., Tapponnier, P., 1994. Duration of strike- slip movements in large shear zones: the Red River belt, China. Earth and Planetary Science Letters 126, 379- 397.
Tapponnier, P., Molnar, P., 1977. Active faulting and tectonics in China. Journal of Geophysical Research 82, 2905- 2930. Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Le Dain, A.Y., Armijo, R., 1982. Propagating extrusion tectonics in Asia: new insights from simple experiments with plasticine. Geology 10, 611-616.
Tapponnier, P., Peltzer, G., Armijo, R., 1986. On the mechanism of collision between India and Asia. In: Coward, M.P., Ries, A.C. (Eds.), Collision Tectonics. Geological Society of London, Special Publication 19, 115-157.
Tapponnier, P., Lacassin, R., Leloup, P.H., Schärer, U., Zhong, D., Wu, H., Liu, X., Ji, S., Zhang, L., Zhong, J., 1990a. The Ailao Shan/Red River metamorphic belt: Tertiary left-lateral shear between Indochina and South China. Nature 343, 431-437.
Sarkarinejad, K., 2007. Quantitative finite strain and kinematic flow analyses along the Zagros transpression zone, Iran. Tectonophysics 442, 49- 65.
Wallis, S.R., 1992. Vorticity analysis in a metachert from the Sanbagawa Belt, SW Japan. Journal of Structural Geology 14, 271- 280.