Charcoal Drawing Style and Color Effect of Children Face Images based on Structural Similarity Index and Color Image Scale
Article Sidebar
Main Article Content
Abstract
Many people love to capture and view children pictures to catch their cute moments. The smile and innocence of children’s faces are very impressive. Therefore, this paper proposes an alternative method to create charcoal drawing style and color effect for children face images. The method applies the structural similarity index (SSIM) of image quality assessment to generate rich black tones automatically. The image is blurred with Gaussian filter to the appropriate level and compared with the original image to obtain the local SSIM values. The blurred level and the weight of neighborhood pixels for estimating local statistics in SSIM quality assessment is controlled by the threshold of the average SSIM value of image detail acquired from the preliminary experiment. The color effect is based on SSIM values and the knowledge of color image scale. The results reveal that the sophisticated intensity of lightness from SSIM map has the power to convey this expressive drawing style emotionally and naturally.
Article Details
Article Accepting Policy
The editorial board of Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology is pleased to receive articles from lecturers and experts in the fields of business administration, languages, engineering and technology written in Thai or English. The academic work submitted for publication must not be published in any other publication before and must not be under consideration of other journal submissions. Therefore, those interested in participating in the dissemination of work and knowledge can submit their article to the editorial board for further submission to the screening committee to consider publishing in the journal. The articles that can be published include solely research articles. Interested persons can prepare their articles by reviewing recommendations for article authors.
Copyright infringement is solely the responsibility of the author(s) of the article. Articles that have been published must be screened and reviewed for quality from qualified experts approved by the editorial board.
The text that appears within each article published in this research journal is a personal opinion of each author, nothing related to Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology, and other faculty members in the institution in any way. Responsibilities and accuracy for the content of each article are owned by each author. If there is any mistake, each author will be responsible for his/her own article(s).
The editorial board reserves the right not to bring any content, views or comments of articles in the Journal of Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology to publish before receiving permission from the authorized author(s) in writing. The published work is the copyright of the Journal of Thai-Nichi Institute of Technology.
References
Blue Lightning TV Photoshop. Photoshop Tutorial: How To Transform Photos into Gorgeous, Pencil Crawings. (May 11, 2013). Accessed: Mar. 28, 2020. [Online Video]. Available: https://youtu.be/K43-_zhQZiM
Photoshopessentials. “Photo to color pencil sketch with photoshop CC.” PHOTOSHOPESSENTIALS.com. https://www.photoshopessentials.com/photo-effects/photo-to-color-pencil-sketch-with-photoshop-cc/ (accessed Mar. 28, 2020).
Photofunny. “Online pencil drawing effect for your photo.” PHOTOFUNNY.net. https://www.photofunny.net/cat-image-processing/convert-picture-drawing-a-pencil (accessed Mar. 28, 2020).
Rojdark. “Charcoal art - realistic charcoal photoshop action.” GRAPHICRIVER.net. https://graphicriver.net/item/charcoal-art-realistic-charcoal-photoshop-action/17808412 (accessed Mar. 28, 2020).
M. Nieves. “How to create a charcoal drawing from a photo (with a Photoshop Action).” PHOTOGRAPHY.TUTSPLUS.com. https://photography.tutsplus.com/articles/how-to-create-a-charcoal-effect-using-a-photoshop-action--cms-28671. (accessed Mar. 28, 2020).
Adobe. “Sketch filters.” HELPX.ADOBE.com. https://helpx.adobe.com/photoshop-elements/using/sketch-filters.html (accessed Mar. 28, 2020).
P. Tresset and F. F. Leymarie, “Generative portrait sketching,” in Proc. VSMM’05, Oct. 2005, pp. 1-10.
D. R. Martin, C. C. Fowlkes, and J. Malik, “Learning to detect natural image boundaries using local brightness, color, and texture cues,” IEEE Transactions on Pattern Analysis and Machine Intelligence, vol. 26, no. 5, pp. 530-549, May 2004.
Miinu Limited. “My sketch.” APPS.APPLE.com. https://apps.apple.com/th/app/my-sketch-pencil-drawing-sketches/id448162988 (accessed May 8, 2020).
Pixel Force Private Limited. “Photo to sketch.” APPS.APPLE.com. https://apps.apple.com/th/app/photo-to-sketch-drawing-book/id421785759 (accessed May 8, 2020).
L. Zhang. “Sketch master.” APPS.APPLE.com. https://apps.apple.com/us/app/sketch-master-my-cartoon-photo-filter-avatar-pad/id547157012. (accessed May 8, 2020).
U. Sara, M. Akter, and M. S. Uddin, “Image quality assessment through FSIM, SSIM, MSE and PSNR—A comparative study,” Journal of Computer and Communications, vol. 7, pp. 8-18, 2019.
G. P. Renieblas, A. T. Nogués, A. M. González, N. G. Leon, and E. G. D. Castillo, “Structural similarity index family for image quality assessment in radiological images,” Journal of Medical Imaging, vol. 4, no. 3, pp. 1-11, Jul. 2017, doi: 10.1117/1.JMI.4.3.035501.
J. Snell, K. Ridgeway, R. Liao, B. D. Roads, M. C. Mozer, and R. S. Zemel, “Learning to generate images with perceptual similarity metrics,” in 2017 IEEE International Conf. on Image Processing (ICIP), Sep. 2017, pp. 4277-4281.
Z. Wang, A. C. Bovik, H. R. Sheikh, and E. P. Simoncelli, “Image quality assessment: from error visibility to structural similarity,” IEEE Transactions on Image Processing, vol. 13, no. 4, pp. 600-612, Apr. 2004.
The MathWorks, Inc. “SSIM.” MATHWORKS.com. https://www.mathworks.com/help/images/ref/ssim.html (accessed May 8, 2020).
N. Otsu, “A threshold selection method from gray-level histograms,” IEEE Transactions on Systems, Man, and Cybernetics, vol. 9, no. 1, pp. 62-66, Jan. 1979.
S. L. Bangare, A. Dubal, P. S. Bangare, and S. T. Patil, “Reviewing otsu’s method for image thresholding,” International Journal of Applied Engineering Research, vol. 10 no. 9, pp. 21777-21783, 2015.
S. Kobayashi, Color Image Scale. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha, 1990.
S. Kobayashi, Colorist. Tokyo, Japan: Kodansha, 1997.
H. Nagumo, New Color Image Chart. Tokyo, Japan: Graphic-sha, 2016.
S. Kobayashi, “The aim and method of the Color Image Scale,” Color Research & Application, vol. 6, pp. 93-107, 2009.